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Original Research
Luai Farhan Zghair*
Lecturer in Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
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*Dr. Luai Farhan Zghair, MBChB, DGS,
FICMS, CABS, Lecturer in Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation: Zghair LF. Cervical lymphadenopathy and its management: an interventional study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):67–70. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes (the glands in the neck), the term lymphadenopathy strictly speaking refers to disease of the lymph nodes.
Objectives To diagnose the causes of the cervical lymphadenopathy and the management of this problem.
Methods This is an interventional study on 40 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy from January 2015 to December 2015.
Results Forty patients were studied, 30 female (75%) and 10 male (25%), and female to male ratio 3:1. The age ranged from 1 to 70 years, with a mean age of 20 years
+5 years. The majority being in the 1st decade of life constituting 10 patients (25%). Also our study showed that the causes of the cervical lymphadenopathy are reactive adenitis 12 patients (30%) followed by acute bacterial suppurative adenitis 10 patients (25%), Hodgkin lymphoma 4 patients (10%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3 patients (7.5%),
chronic non-specific adenitis 3 patients (7.5%), secondary metastases 2 patients (5%), tuberculosis adenitis 2 patients (5%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1 patient (2.5%), infectious mononucleosis 1 patient (2.5%), typhoid fever 1 patient (2.5%) and Castleman disease 1 patient (2.5%).
Conclusion Our study showed that the causes of the cervical lymphadenopathy are reactive adenitis, followed by acute bacterial suppurative adenitis, Hodgkin lymphoma,
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic non-specific adenitis, secondary metastases, tuberculosis adenitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, typhoid fever and Castelman disease. In our study we considered the incisional or excisional biopsy with or without Fine-needle aspiration cytology before it, and it is the best diagnostic methods to diagnose the pathology of the lymphadenopathy, and all patients are treated according to his or her condition and there was no death rate during our study.
KEYWORDS cervical lymphadenopathy, neck, lymph gland.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case Report
Pietro Gareri1, Alberto Castagna1*,Giovanni Ruotolo2,Alfonso Merante2,Gaetano Russo2, Giovambattista De Sarro3
1 Geriatrician ASP Catanzaro - Ambulatory for Cognitive Disorders Catanzaro Lido and Soverato, Catanzaro, Italy
2 Geriatric Unit Azienda Ospedaliera “Pugliese-Ciaccio, Catanzaro, Italy
3 Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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*Alberto Castagna,
Geriatrician Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catanzaro,Ambulatory for Cognitive Disorders, Casa della Salute Chiaravalle Centrale (Catanzaro), Via Ceravolo, Chiaravalle Centrale (Catanzaro), Italy
Article citation: Gareri P, Castagna A, Ruotolo G, Merante A, Russo G, De Sarro G. Drug-induced delirium: A frequent and important matter for geriatricians. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):71–75. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Use and abuse of drugs, especially if inappropriate, are among the most frequent causes of delirium in elderly people. This article describes an interesting case report on drug-induced delirium in a 74-year-old woman taking several drugs. She was hospitalised for fall and functional inability to lower limbs. She was affected with hypertension, depression and she had undergone surgery and radiotherapy for breast cancer. She had been complaining cognitive impairment for 2 years. Patient was treated with amlodipine 5 mg, ramipril 5 mg, aspirin 100 mg, chlorimipramine 25 mg twice a day. Brain CT scan and spine MRI pointed out multiple dorsolumbar herniated discs. She was visited by a medical doctor who was a specialist in pain treatment; he prescribed oxycodone/naloxone 5/2.5 mg twice/day. After discharge she complained persistent pain, the specialist in pain treatment increased oxycodone/naloxone 5/2.5 mg up to 3 times daily. After 1 week, patient suddenly presented hyperactive delirium. She underwent geriatric consulting; tricyclic drug and opioid analgesics were interrupted and started oral haloperidol 1.5 mg and intramuscular citicoline 1000 mg. After 3 days, symptoms had disappeared and patient gradually recovered. The present case report is a typical example of drug-induced delirium. Geriatric competence is closely required when one needs to examine the possible interference among drugs in poly-treated patients affected with several diseases, or for example when a drug is used in this group of patients but is strictly contraindicated.
KEYWORDS elderly, drug-induced delirium, drug-drug interactions, inappropriate drugs
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case report
Premraj Jadhav1,Snehal Shende2*,Prashant Jadhav3,Virsen Patil4
1 Professor & Guide, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
2 PG Student, Department of Prosthodontics,Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
3 Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
4 Senior lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
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*Dr. Snehal Shende, PG Student
Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental college & Research Center, New Pargaon, Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India
Article citation: Jadhav P, Shende S, Jadhav P, Patil V. A modified retentive technique for fabrication of finger prosthesis: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):63–66.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Hand is a body part which is important for communication, body language and social contact along with its basic function of grasping. Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss. For that when surgical reconstruction in patients is not possible or it is contraindicated, unavailable, may be unsuccessful or unaffordable, the prosthetic rehabilitation becomes an alternative option. Maxillofacial prosthesis replaces the lost body parts by using the silicone materials. These prosthesis support the patient physically as well as psychologically to enhance their confidence and social acceptance. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with missing finger using silicone prosthesis.
KEYWORDS partial finger amputation, prosthetic finger, RTV silicone
References:
1.The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94(1):10–92.
2. Miglani DC, Drane JB. Maxillofacial prosthesis and its role as a healing art. J Prosthet Dent. 1959;9(1):159–68.
3. Pereira BP, Kour AK, Leow EL, Pho RW. Benefits and use of digital prostheses. J Hand Surg Am. 1996;21:222–8.
4. Pillet J; Esthetic hand prostheses. J Hand Surg Am. 1983;8:778–81.
5. Singhal S, Chand P, Singh SV, Tripathi S. Modifications to simplify fabrication of finger prosthesis: a case series. J Prosthet Orthot. 2011;23(1):30–33.
6. Kanter JC. The use of RTV silicones in maxillofacial prosthetics. J Prosthet Dent. 1970;24(6):646–53.
7. Pekkan G, Tuna SH, Oghan F. Extraoral prostheses using extraoral implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(4):378–83.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgement: It gives the author immense pleasure to thank Dr. Ojas Hanchanale, Dr. Sarswati Chaware, Dr. Sneha Valgadde for their timely advice, practical assistance, efficacious guidance, altruistic co-operation and providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Prafulla Govind Herode, Abhijeet Shroff, Vinod Nair, Krishan Yadav*, Jeegar Mohan Patel
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra
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*Dr. Krishan Yadav, Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Background Surgical site infections are one of the most common nosocomial infections globally resulting in high morbidity and mortality.
Aim To determine the incidence and causing factors of surgical site infections at a tertiary care centre.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective study, which was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra from October 2014 to October 2015. A total of 100 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgeries were included in this study. The aim of the study was to study the incidence of post-operative wound infections and its effect on orthopaedic surgeries by evaluating the effectiveness of usage of pre-operative and post-operative intravenous antibiotics, the role of sterile measures such as gowns, scrub, masks, sterile gloves, drapes and operation theatre environments, in reducing the surgical site infection and in assessing the efficacy of surgical asepsis (that is surgeons hand scrub, antibiotics used prior to surgery, shaving prior to surgery and use of antibiotics prior to surgery) in orthopaedic surgeries.
Results Out of 100 patients in this study, the overall incidence of infection was 4%. Sex incidence, marginal though, but statistically significantly higher in female sex. Significant
correlation was noted between antibiotic administration and timing of surgery. Correlation between duration of surgery and incidence of infection in major surgeries was found to be statistically significant with p value 0.028.
Conclusion This study did not show any statistically significant correlation between age, scrub time, spirit used with respect to incidence of infection. The incidence of infection by gram –ve bacteria was higher than that of gram +ve bacteria. Pathogens isolated are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials.
KEYWORDS Wound infections, antibiotics, orthopedic surgeries.
References:
1.Howe CW, Marston AT. A study on sources of postoperative staphylococcal infection. Surg Gynecol Obstet.1962;115:266–75.
2. Burke JF. The effective period of preventive antibiotic action in experimental incisions and dermal lesions. Surgery. 1961:50:161–8.
3. Marston RA, Cobb AG, Bantley G. Stanmore compared with Charnley total hip replacement. A prospective study of 413 arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996;78:178–84.
4. Williams DN, Gustilo RB. The use of preventive antibiotic in orthopaedic surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;190:83–8.
5. Weick JA, Jackson JK, O-Brien TJ, Lurate RB, Russell JM, Dorchak JD. Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic in arthroscopic surgery. Orthopaedic. 1997;20:133–4.
6. Woods RK, Dellinger EP. Current guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical wounds. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Jun;57(11):2731–40.
Original article
Selvaraj Subashree1*, Saravanan Revathy2, Mukherjee Dipali3
1 Postgraduate, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur, Puducherry, India
2,3Professor, Department of Pharmacology,Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur,Puducherry, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmacology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre
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*Selvaraj Subashree, No. 9. Periyanayagi Amman Koil Street, Thiruppapuliyur, Cuddalore 607 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Article citation: Subashree S, Revathy S, Dipali M. Knowledge and compliance status among diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):51–59.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction Diabetes mellitus a major and common metabolic disorder with serious health and economic adverse consequences. Apart from other known factors, non-adherence to medical advice and treatment are also important preventable factors that results in complications of diabetes. Hence the analysis of knowledge and adherence status to medical and other lifestyle changes, and their impact on controlling diabetes are needed.
Aim and Objectives To assess the knowledge and adherence status among Type 2 diabetic patients on treatment.
Methodology A pre-tested questionnaire having 24 questions in Tamil, to collect informations like demographic status, knowledge and adherence of the participants were used in 100 adult diabetic patients from both sex on treatment for the past 1 year after obtaining their informed consent by direct interview and were recorded. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS version 21. The interrelationship among knowledge, adherence and diabetic control were analyzed by chi-square test with significant
p < 0.05.
Results and Discussion Out of 58 (58.0%) male and 42 (42.0%) female participants, low knowledge score of less than 30% was seen in 25 (43.1%) males and 22 (52.4%) females, 53 (53.0%) participants had a moderate score of 31–60% [33 (56.9 %) male and 20 (47.6%) female]. High score of >60% was not observed. A poor adherent score of 18–26 was obtained by 19 patients [8 (13.8%) males and 11 (26.2%) females] and very poor adherent score of <18 was seen in 81 patients [50 (86.2%) males and 31 (73.8%) females]. Knowledge showed a statistically significant influence on adherence (p < 0.001). which was still poor and resulting in poor therapeutic outcome as evidenced by uncontrolled HbA1c level (p < 0.482).
Conclusion Our study has shown a weak relationship between knowledge and adherence resulting in the failure of long-term glycaemic control. Hence along with improving
knowledge by educational aids like media, SMS, handouts and educative programmes with removal of impending factors for adherence are suggested for achieving good glycaemic control and avoiding the complications where healthcare providers have an important role.
KEYWORDS diabetes mellitus, knowledge, adherence, glycaemic control
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors,the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: Self.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Acknowledgement: The authors are grateful to Dr. Hussain, Professor, Department of Diabetology,for his support and help during the study. We express cordial thanks to all participants for their kind cooperation. We would like to place our acknowledgement to the faculties of the Department of Pharmacology and the management of Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, for their voluntary participation and co-operation.