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Original article
Kiran Madhusudhan1*, Pujita B2
1 Professor of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai
2 PG, Department of ENT, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai
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*Kiran Madhusudhan, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath University,Chennai
Article citation: Kiran M, Pujita B. Review on pressure sores. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):44–46.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Pressure sore is a localised injury to the skin and underlying tissue caused due to unrelieved pressure on pressure points or bony prominences. The predisposing factors causing pressure ulcers are both intrinsic and extrinsic. Patients who are generally at risk, are those confined to bed or chair and unable to move without help. According to NPUAP (National pressure ulcer advisory panel), pressure ulcers can be categorised into four stages, and an unstageable category also exists. Staging helps to select the mode of treatment. Diagnosis is mainly by MRI, bone scan, bone biopsy and blood culture, if necessary. As the cost of treatment and complications due to pressure sores increase with the period of stay, it is better to adopt preventive methods strictly to “at risk” patients. Prevention includes, identification of “at risk” patients using the three risk assessment scales and follow interventions to reduce the risks. Goals of treatment consist of resolution of infection, promotion of wound healing and effective infection control and in advanced stages, use of newer approaches like negative pressure wound therapy (VAC therapy-vacuum-assisted closure) and surgery.
KEYWORDS pressure sore, capillary pressure, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors,staging, sepsis, osteomyelitis, negative pressure therapy (VAC), risk assessment scales
REFERENCES
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Dewi Oktavia1,2, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari1*, Woro Supadmi1
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 Sentosa Mother and Children Hospital Bogor, Indonesia
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Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Pharmacy Faculty, Ahmad Dahlan University,Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Article citation: Oktavia D, Perwitasari DA, Supadmi W. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of tuberculosis patients in the intensive and continuous phase in a private hospital of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016; 06(01):27–30.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Context Tuberculosis is a disease with low quality of life (QoL) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) due to illness, impairment of health conditions and death. QALYs combine the QoL as well as quantity of life with value judgments utility of individuals or society. Aims To compare the QoL and QALYs of tuberculosis patients between treatment on the intensive and the continuous phase. Settings and Design This study used cohort design in a private hospital of Yogyakarta.Subjects were patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and aged between 20 and 80 years. Materials and Methods Data was collected using Indonesian version of St. George Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and using the scenario time trade off method (TTO) at the end of 1st , 2nd , and , 3rd month treatment. The score obtained was used to measure patients’ QoL and QALYs during the treatment phase.Statistical Analysis To determine the differences of QoL and QALY in the intensive and continuous phase we used the paired samples t-test. Results The average score of total QoL of tuberculosis patients using the SGRQ was 45.90% in intensive phase and 17.43% in the continuous phase (p < 0.05). While the average of QALYs values was 0.74 QALYs in intensive phase and 0.87 in the continuous phase (p < 0.05).Conclusions Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing treatment with oral antituberculosis gain 0.74 QALY in the intensive phase and 0.87 QALY in continuous phase. Tuberculosis patients’ QoL and QALY are better in the continuous phase than ones in the intensive phase.
KEYWORDS QALY, quality of life, tuberculosis, Indonesia
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Aijun Zhang, Pengfei Fu, Zaijun Zhang, Haiyun Chen, Pei Yu*
Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
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*Prof Pei Yu,
Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632 China
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
Article citation: Zhang A, Fu P, Zhang Z, Chen H, Yu P. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel chloro-oxime derivatives for neurodegenerative diseases. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):31–38.
Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Neurodegenerative disease is a fatal disease of the human nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related polyglutamine expansion diseases. The US FDA had approved several drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, however, almost none of them could delay progress of these diseases and offer cure. A key molecular pathway implicated in neurodegenerative diseases is the misfolding aggregation and accumulation of proteins in neurons. Chloro-oxime derivatives, such as bimoclomol and arimoclomol, promote the expression of heat shock proteins and improve the abilities of normal protein folding and degrade misfolded proteins. Based on the structure of bimoclomol and arimoclomol,we substituted the pyridine and piperazine by TMP and other amino groups, and synthesised a series of novel chloro-oxime derivatives. Among these chloro-oxime derivatives, compounds 9b and 13b were demonstrated to be neuroprotective against MG-132-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
KEYWORDS chloro-oxime derivatives, molecule chaperone amplifiers, misfolding protein, neurodegenerative diseases.
REFERENCES
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16.Zhou Y, Vu K, Chen Y, Pham J, Brady T, Liu G, et al. Chloro-oxime derivatives as novel small molecule chaperone amplifiers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009;19(11):3128–35.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported partially by The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2014A030320174).
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Lukpata Philip Ugbem1*,Esomonu Ugochukwu Godfrey,1Ewununu Edwin Ojim2,Mba Christian Ejuiwa1
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic medical sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River State, Nigeria
2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
*Lukpata PU,
Department of Anatomy,Faculty of Basic medical sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River State, Nigeria
Article citation: Lukpata PU, Esomonu UG, Ewununu EO, Mba CE. Correlation between height and selected anthropometric parameters of the upper limbs of the Efiks people in Cross River state, Nigeria. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):47–50.
ABSTRACT
Anthropologists and forensic scientists as well anatomists have devised means to identify individuals in cases where whole human body is not found during disaster and only segment and fragment of body parts remains. This study aims to find out the correlation between stature and the four parameters; arm, forearm, hand length and
hand breadth. A total of 238 subjects (121 males and 117 females healthy indigenes) between the ages of 18–45 years were measured in Efiks population of Cross River state. The four parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). The hand length (r = 0.609) and hand breadth (r = 0.583) were found the best correlated variable with stature, follow by forearm length (r = 0.543) while arm length (r = 0.206) showed the lowest. The result in this present study show that there was a positive correlation between height and three parameters thereby indicating that height could be predicted using hand length, hand breadth and forearm length among the Efiks people in Cross River state, Nigeria.
KEYWORDS height, correlation, upper extremity, Efiks, Cross River
REFERENCES
1.Ebeye Oladunni. A stature estimation from upper extremity long bones in a southern Nigerian population. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2013;7(7):400–403.
2.Indrayan A. Biological Variation and Uncertainties and Role of Statistics in Biostatistics: A Manual of Statistical Methods for Use in Health, Nutrition and Anthropology, 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2007. pp. 5–9.
3.Nath S, Dayal N, Chandara NS. Reconstruction of stature using percutaneous lengths of forearm bones among Mundas of Midnapore district. J West Bengal Hum Biol. 1998;37:170–175.
4.Munoz JI, Luiares-Iglesias MJ, Suarez-Penaranda JM, Mayo M, Miguens X, Roriquez-Calvo MS. Stature estimation from radiographically determined long bone length in a Spanish population sample. J Forensic Sci. 2000;46:363–366.
5.Arun Kumar A, Soodeen-Lalloo AK. Estimation of stature from fragmented human remains. Anthropol 2013;1:105.
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7.Agnihotri AK, Kachhwaha S, Googoolye K, Allock A. Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial dimensions by regression analysis in Indo-Mauritian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2011;18:167–172.
8.Agnihotri AK, Kachhwaha S, Jowaheer V, Singh AP. Estimating stature from percutaneous length of tibia and ulna in Indo- Mauritian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;187:109.
9.Numan AI, Idris MO, Zirahei JV, Amaza DS, Dalori MB. Prediction of stature from hand anthropometry: a comparative study in the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Br J Med Med Res. 2013;3(4):1062–1073.
10.Anas IY, Esomonu UG, Zagga AD. Prediction of stature of Hausa ethnic group using hand length and hand breadth. J Med Tropics. 2010;12:30–32.
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12.Agnihotri AK, Agnihotri S, Jeebun N, Googoolye K. Prediction of stature using hand dimensions. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008;15:479–482.
13.Akhlaghi M, Hajibeygi M, Zamani N, Moradi B. Estimation of stature from upper limb anthropometry in Iranian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2012;19:280–284.
14.Jitendra P Patel, Bharat G Patel, Ritesh K Shah, Naimish R Bhojak, Jalpa N Desai. Estimation of stature from hand length in Gujarat region. NHL J Med Sci. 2014;3: 41–44.
15.Ibegbu AO, David ET, Hamman WO, Umana UE, Musa SA. Association of hand length with height in Nigerian school children. J Biol Life Sci. 2013;4:83–94
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17.Patel PN, Tanna JA, Kalele SD. Correlation between hand length and various anthropometric parameters. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med. 2012;2(2):61–63.
18.Chikhalkar BG, et al. Estimation of stature from measurements of long bones, hand and foot dimensions. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2010;32(4):329–331.
19.Duyar I, Pelin C. Estimating body height from ulna length: need of a population specific formula. Eurasian J Anthropol. 2010;1(1):11–17.
20.Duyar I. Okul cagi cocuklarinda bedenin ust ve alt Kisimlarinin buyumesi Oturma Yukseligi ve so syoekonomik faktorlerin vucuct oranlarina et kisi. Beslenmeve Diyet Dergisi. 1997;26(1):5–10.
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22.Nihal Ahmad, Fateh Mohammad, Ibrahim Farooque. Estimation of height from the long bones of upper limb and hand dimensions in South Indian population. J Evidence Based Med Health Care. 2014;1(7):473–478.
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24.Singh B, Kaur M, Kaur J, Singh M, Batra APS. Estimation of stature from forearm length in North Indians: an anthropometric study. Int J Basic Appl Med Sci. 2013;3(1):2277–2103.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case report
Premraj Jadhav1,Snehal Shende2*,Prashant Jadhav3,Virsen Patil4
1 Professor & Guide, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
2 PG Student, Department of Prosthodontics,Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
3 Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
4 Senior lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Snehal Shende, PG Student
Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental college & Research Center, New Pargaon, Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India
Article citation: Jadhav P, Shende S, Jadhav P, Patil V. A modified retentive technique for fabrication of finger prosthesis: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):63–66.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Hand is a body part which is important for communication, body language and social contact along with its basic function of grasping. Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss. For that when surgical reconstruction in patients is not possible or it is contraindicated, unavailable, may be unsuccessful or unaffordable, the prosthetic rehabilitation becomes an alternative option. Maxillofacial prosthesis replaces the lost body parts by using the silicone materials. These prosthesis support the patient physically as well as psychologically to enhance their confidence and social acceptance. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with missing finger using silicone prosthesis.
KEYWORDS partial finger amputation, prosthetic finger, RTV silicone
References:
1.The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94(1):10–92.
2. Miglani DC, Drane JB. Maxillofacial prosthesis and its role as a healing art. J Prosthet Dent. 1959;9(1):159–68.
3. Pereira BP, Kour AK, Leow EL, Pho RW. Benefits and use of digital prostheses. J Hand Surg Am. 1996;21:222–8.
4. Pillet J; Esthetic hand prostheses. J Hand Surg Am. 1983;8:778–81.
5. Singhal S, Chand P, Singh SV, Tripathi S. Modifications to simplify fabrication of finger prosthesis: a case series. J Prosthet Orthot. 2011;23(1):30–33.
6. Kanter JC. The use of RTV silicones in maxillofacial prosthetics. J Prosthet Dent. 1970;24(6):646–53.
7. Pekkan G, Tuna SH, Oghan F. Extraoral prostheses using extraoral implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(4):378–83.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgement: It gives the author immense pleasure to thank Dr. Ojas Hanchanale, Dr. Sarswati Chaware, Dr. Sneha Valgadde for their timely advice, practical assistance, efficacious guidance, altruistic co-operation and providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.