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Original article
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran1*,Ravinder Thyagarajan2, Radhika Katragadda2, Leela K.V3,Suganthi M4, Lavanya K4, Hemalatha S4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram,Tamil Nadu, India
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk MedicalCollege Hospital, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Abirami Lakshmy J, Number 36: D Block, Viduthalai Nagar, Mudaliarpet, Puducherry, 605004, India
Article citation: Abirami Lakshmy J, Thyagarajan R, Radhika K, Leela KV, Suganthi M, Lavanya K, Hemalatha S. Biofilm formation and methicillin resistance among the Staphylococcus aureus causing burn wound infections in a tertiary care hospital: a comparative study of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between biofilm producers and non biofilm producers. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):179–183.
Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common bacteria implicated in burn wound infections that possess the ability to form biofilms.
Aim The present study aims to isolate S. aureus to identify the Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal isolates, to compare the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between biofilm and non biofilm producers. It also aims to identify the biofilm producers by Microtitre plate method.
Settings and Design Observational study.
Materials and Methods A total of 58 S. aureus were isolated from burn wound infections. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was identified by cefoxitin disc method. All the isolates were screened for biofilm production by microtitre plate method. Statistical analysis: Fisher exact and Chi square tests. p < 0.005 is considered significant.
Results Out of the 58 isolates, 26 (44.8%) were identified as MRSA. Biofilm production was detected in 31 (53.4%) of the isolates. Good sensitivity for gentamicin 41 (70%), amikacin 42 (72.4%), cefotaxime 42 (72%) and erythromycin 37 (63.7%). There was no significant difference in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between biofilm and non biofilm producers.
Conclusion All burn wounds should be screened for the presence of bacteria with biofilm forming ability along with the detection of drug resistance. This will support in the early identification and help in choosing the appropriate antibiotic.
KEYWORDS biofilm formation, burn wounds, Staphylococcus aureus
REFERENCES
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4.Kirketerp-Møller K, Jensen PØ, Fazli M, Madsen KG, Pedersen J, Moser C, et al. Distribution, organisation and ecology of bacteria in chronic wounds. J Clin Microbiol. 2008:46(8):2717–2722.
5.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twenty-third informational supplement M100‑S23. PA, USA. 2013.
6.Anand KB, Agarwal P, Kumar S, Kapila K. Comparison of cefoxitin disc diffusion test, oxacillin screen agar and PCR for mecA gene for detection of MRSA. Indian J Med Microbiol; 2009:27(1):27–29.
7.EL Farren CA, Sekar A, Balakrishnan A, Shanmugam S,Arumugam P, Gopalswamy J. Prevalence of biofilm producing Staphylococcus epidermidis in the healthy skin of individuals in Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2013;31(1):19–23.
8.Grinholc M, Wegrzyn G, Kurlenda J. Evaluation of biofilm production and prevalence of the icaD gene in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections and carriers. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol; 2007:50:375–379.
9.Mehta M. Bacterial isolates from burns wound infections and their antibiogram: a eight-year study. Indian J Plastic Surg.2007:40(1):25–28.
10.Okesola AO, Oni AA, Bakare RA. Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of MRSA in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Hosp Infect.1999;41:74–75.
11.Ohadian Moghadam S, Pourmand MR, Aminharati F. Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn patients, Iran. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(12):1511–1517.
12.Indrawattana N, Sungkhachat O, Sookrung N, Chongsanguan M, Tungtrongchitr A, et al. Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: antibiotic susceptibility, molecular characteristics, and ability to form biofilm. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013:314654.
13.Gad GF, El-Feky MA, El-Rehewy MS, Hassan MA, Abolella H et al. Detection of icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from urinary tract catheterized patients. J Infect Dev Ctries.2009;3(5):342–351.
14.Mathur T, Singhal S. Detection of biofilm formation among the clinical isolates of staphylococci: an evaluation of three different screening methods. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2006;24(1):25–29.
15.Ansari MA, Khan HM, Khan AA, Cameotra SS, Alzohairy MA. Anti-biofilm efficacy of silver nanoparticles against MRSA and MRSE isolated from wounds in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J of Med Microbiol. 2015;33(1):101–109.
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20.Sanchez CJ Jr, Mende K, Beckius ML, Akers KS, Romano DR et al. Biofilm formation by clinical isolates and the implications in chronic infections. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:47.
21.Jain A, Agarwal A. Biofilm production, a marker of pathogenic potential of colonizing and commensal staphylococci. J Microbiol Methods. 2009;76:88–92.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Ke Jian1, Fu Wen-Juan1,Pan Jian-Hao1, Ma Xian-Peng2,Bi Chang-Qiong2, Wei Wei2,Zhao Jing3, Ge Fa-Huan4,Nie Hong1*
1 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
2 Guizhou Jingfeng Injection Co. Ltd., Guiyang, 550018, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
4 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
Address reprint requests to
*Prof. Nie Hong, PhD,
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Jian K, Wen-Juan F,Jian-Hao P, Xian-Peng M, Chang-Qiong B,Wei W, Jing Z, Fa-Huan G, Hong N. The protective effect of salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):165–170. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection (SGI) are widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, but researches on the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate preventive effect of SGI on AMI in rats and to explore its possible mechanism. In this study, isoproterenol- (ISO) induced AMI model in rats was established. Based on that, we studied the effect of SGI on ECG and cardiac function. We then investigated the effect of SGI on heart infarction area and heart histomorphology in AMI rats. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms, we tested the activities of myocardial enzymes in blood. Our study found that, SGI can improve the ECG of AMI rats and promote cardiac function to normal.
In addition, SGI can reduce the infarct size and inhibit myocardial injury. Moreover, SGI can reduce the content of serum CK, LDH, cTnI and BNP in AMI rats. Therefore, we confirmed that SGI possessed remarkably protective effects against ISO-induced AMI in rats.
KEYWORDS salivae miltiorrhizae, liguspyragine hydrochloride, acute myocardial infarction, protective effect, isoproterenol, cardiac function
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6.Rona G, Chappel CI, Balazs T, Gaudry R. An infarct-like myocardial lesion and other toxic manifestations produced by isoproterenol in the rat. AMA Arch Pathol. 1959;67:443–455.
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9.Karthikeyan K, Bai BRS, Devaraj SN. Cardioprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115:326–333.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Acknowledgment: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373993).
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Yekaterina E. Zueva1,2, Olga I.Illarionova3, Svetlana A. Pliasunova3, Ekaterina B.Rusanova4, Yelena A. Kustova5*, Natalia T. Urazalieva5
1 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
2 Scientific and Methodological Center for Molecular Medicine, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
3 Diagnostic Laboratory, Federal Scientific Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology in memory of Dima Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
4 Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
5 Laboratory of Immunology, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Al-Farabi av. 146, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Address reprint requests to
*Yelena A. Kustova, Laboratory of Immunology, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Al-Farabi av. 146, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
Article citation: Zueva YE, Illarionova OI, Pliasunova SA, Rusanova EB, Kustova YA, Urazalieva NT. Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia: experience of diagnostics at three clinical centers. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):193–198. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMkL) is a rare hematologic clonal malignancy, characterised by the accumulation of abnormal myeloid blasts with megakaryoblastic differentiation in the bone marrow and/or extra-marrow hematopoiesis sites with marked clinical heterogeneity in children and adult populations. Owing to a low occurrence in the daily clinical practice, AMkL presents a difficulty for immunophenotypic diagnostics.
Purpose We present 36 cases of children and adult AMkL observed from 2007 through 2014 at the Federal Scientific Clinical Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunology in memory of Dima Rogachev, Moscow, Russia (FSCCCHOI), Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Russia (PFSPbMU), and Research Center for Paediatrics and Children Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan (SCPCS).
Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and multicolour flow cytometry data of AMkL was diagnosed in two Russian and one Kazakhstan clinical centers during 8 years has been performed, and the applicability of the modern diagnostic criteria was evaluated.
Results From 2,867 cases of acute leukaemia, we identified 36 patients with AMkL (1.26% of all cases) including 30 children and 6 adults with disease age onset ranged from 2 days to 75 years. Trisomy 21 was detected in 19.4% of the samples. In the group of children under 3 years (23), trisomy of chromosome 21 was detected in 7 patients (30.4%).
Conclusion Most typical immunophenotypical features of AMkL and its rare variants allow diagnosing it in ethnically diverse populations. We describe specific details of the sample preparation and interpretation of multicolour flow cytometry data.
KEYWORDS acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, multicolour flow cytometry, immunophenotype, CD marker expression, Down syndrome
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Kabiru Abubakar1*,Nuhu Muhammad Danjuma2,Bello Balkisu Maiha2,Joseph Akpojo Anuka2,Mun Fei Yam3,Idris Bello3,Usman Salisu Nasiba3, Mohammed Asmawi. Zaini3
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria
2 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University Sains Malaysia
Address reprint requests to
*K. Abubakar,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Article citation: Abubakar K, Danjuma NM, Maiha BB, Anuka JA, Yam MF, Bello I, Nasiba US, Zaini MA. Antinociceptive activity of the crude methanolic extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi and its chloroform and n-butanol fractions in mice.J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):158–164.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Pseudocedrela kotschyi has been extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, malaria, dysentery and epilepsy. The antinociceptive effects of the crude methanolic extract, n-butanol and chloroform fractions of P. kotschyi were investigated in different experimental models in mice: (1) hot plate, (2) tail flick, (3) acetic acid induced
writhing and (4) formalin induced test. In the writhing test 200 mg/kg of the crude extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of writhes and produced an 88.1% inhibition.
The chloroform and n-butanol fractions produced 98.59 and 92.62% inhibition of writhes respectively. In the formalin induced test 100 and 200 mg/kg of the crude methanolic extract significantly (P < 0.01) produced late phase analgesia. Similarly, 200 mg/kg of the chloroform fraction significantly (P < 0.01) reduced paw licking behaviour in mice in both early and late phases of the experiment. However, at the doses tested, no significant activity was found in the hot plate and the tail flick test. The results suggest that P. kotschyi methanol extract at 200 mg/kg dose is effective in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug type anti-nociception activities.
KEYWORDS Pseudocedrela kotschyi, antinociception, anti-inflammatory
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) Federal Ministry of Education, Nigeria.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Mishra Prakash K1*,Singh Narendra P2,Batra Prerna3,Kaur Iqbal R4
1MBBS, MD, Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital,Dilshad Garden, 110095, Delhi, India
2MBBS, MD, Professor, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital,Delhi, India
3 MBBS, MD, Department of Pediatrics,University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
4 MBBS, MD Professor and HOD,Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Prakash Kumar Mishra (MBBS,MD),
Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, University College of
Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, 90-D, Pocket-A, Dilshad Garden,110095, Delhi, India
Article citation: Prakash KM, Narendra PS,Prerna B, Iqbal RK. Bacteriological profile of acute pyogenic meningitis in pediatric age group from a tertiary care hospital of east Delhi. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):174–178. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives Laboratory surveillance of causative microorganism is crucial to formulate rational empirical treatment and preventive strategies for potentially fatal acute pyogenic meningitis (APM). This study was aimed to identify the causative microorganism of APM in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital of east Delhi.
Materials and Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from 300 suspected cases of APM and subjected to cytology, gram staining, biochemical analysis and culture.
Every fifth CSF sample was also subjected to antigen detection by latex agglutination test (LAT) for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, group B Streptococcus and Taqman probe-based real time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. Simultaneously, blood culture was also done from all these 300 cases.
Result From CSF, 19 microorganisms were isolated in which hospital-acquired multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (9) was most common. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, group B Streptococcus, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella were also identified
as a causative agent of APM. LAT detected microorganism in nine culture negative samples,
whereas RTPCR detected two additional microorganisms which were missed by LAT.
Conclusion This study highlights the emergence of MDR A. baumannii as a common agent of APM in hospital setting and emphasise on judicious use of antibiotics to prevent resistance.
KEYWORDS acute pyogenic meningitis, bacteriological profile, pediatric age group
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.