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Review article:- * RAFINDADI AL, FWACS*, ABAH ER, FWACS*, CHINDA D, FWACS*, TABIN G, M.D. **, SAMAILA E, FWACS, FRCS, MFR.
**DEPT. OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, A.B.U.T.H., P.M.B 06 SHIKA-ZARIA, NIGERIA.
**UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, MORAN EYE CENTER, U.S.A.
Abstract:- Objective: To make a preliminary review of the outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH Shika-Zaria. Methodology: Several patients with corneal blindness from eye clinics at ABUTH and NEC Kaduna were screened for suitability to undergo graft out of which 5 were selected. The grafts were done in February 2009. Results: The patients were 4males and 1female with an age range of 23-68years, mean of 39.8years. Preoperative diagnoses were macular dystrophy, keratoconus, CHED, psuedophakic bullous keratopathy and recurrent corneal erosions with cataract. The preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from Perception of light to 6/60. However after initial encouraging outcomes their VA’s dropped sharply as a result of infection and graft rejection. Conclusion: The immediate and short-term outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH, Shika-Zaria was not encouraging due to infection and graft rejection. This review will assist the authors in improving the outcome after the next round of surgeries scheduled for December 2009.
Keywords:-Corneal graft, infection, graft rejection.
Research article:- * Dr Anila.A.Mathews MD 1 , Dr Marina Thomas MD.2, Dr B.Appalaraju MD2.
1. Assistant professor, Dept of microbiology, PSGIMSR,Coimbatore, India.
2.Professor of Microbiology, Dept of microbiology ,PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, India.
3.Professor and Head , Dept of microbiology, PSGIMSR,Coimbatore, India.
Abstract:- Background and Objectives: Traditionally, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered as a nosocomial pathogen, but an increasing prevalence of community acquired MRSA is being reported worldwide including India. This study is aimed at identifying the prevalence and susceptibility characteristics of community acquired MRSA in our hospital. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 208 consecutive MRSA identified on the basis of their resistance to cefoxitin disk (30 µg) by the disc diffusion method and mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were categorized as community acquired MRSA based on criteria for inclusion and their antibiotic susceptibility was compared with that of the hospital acquired MRSA isolates. Results: Among the 208 MRSA analyzed, 18 % (n=37) were community acquired . The isolates were significantly more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than the hospital acquired MRSA isolates. Discussion: The prevalence of community acquired MRSA in this study (12%) is comparable to its prevalence in other studies across India. Susceptibility to antibiotics other than glycopeptides was an important characteristic of community acquired MRSA. In the absence of other reliable phenotypic test for its identification, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is suggested as an alternative. Conclusion: An important implication is that the typical first-line betalactams and cephalosporins will not cover the cellulitis or abscess if CA-MRSA is involved. Drug therapy will need to be changed. CA-MRSA appears to be sensitive to minocycline, doxycycline, Cotrimoxazole and clindamycin. Hence community acquired MRSA has a range of antibiotics to choose from, other than the glycopeptides, when compared with that of hospital acquired MRSA. Clinicians need to be aware of it and change according to susceptibility patterns.
Key words:- Community acquired MRSA, MecA gene, Cefoxitin, hospital acquired MRSA.
Original article:
Veena Prasad1*,Nutan Singh2
1Professor, Department of Pediatrics,Government medical college, Haldwani, Distt-Nainital (Uttarakhand),India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government medical college, Haldwani, Distt-Nainital (Uttarakhand), India
ABSTRACT
To study the morbidity and mortality pattern of the newborns admitted in special care unit in a tertiary institution and analyse the measures which can be taken to reduce it. It was a Prospective observational study of all newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit which is located in the Kumaun region Uttarakhand. The study was carried out over a period of 3 years fromJanuary 2008 to December 2010. The numbers of 1658 neonateswere admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) during this period.
The study comprised of all 1658 infants admitted to our tertiary level NICU from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010. Data of newborns admitted to the NICU were analysed retrospectively. Overall, the most prevalent indications for admission to NICU were Prematurity (20.80%) followed by Neonatal jaundice (19.84%), Respiratory distress syndrome(17%),Birth Asphyxia(16.28%). The overall mortality rate was 310 deaths (18.69%). Most common cause is prematurity with respiratory distress syndrome 117(37.74%). This study identified prematurity, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and perinatal asphyxia,neonatal sepsis, as the major causes of the morbidity , Prematurity, RDS ,Septicaemia, Perinatal asphyxiaas the major contributors to the neonatal mortality.Mortality rate in the NICU still unacceptably high, these results highlight the fact thatmany causes of neonatal deaths may be preventable.
Keywords:Newborns,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit,Morbidity, Mortality rate.
Original research article:- Dr.S.Swaminathan Ph.D1, Ms.Priya Gangadaran M.Sc, M.Phil1, Mr.T.Venkatesh2 Dr.Mitra Ghosh M.D3
1.Biochemistry department, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai -35, India.
2.B.Tech , M.G.R University,Chennai -84, India.
3.Chief of Lab Services, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai -35, India.
Abstract:- Copper is believed to be the switch that turns on the angiogenesis process in tumor cells, by activating the growth factor. Copper is necessary for fetal growth as well as in the production of hemoglobin . This study was undertaken on 40 female patients. in the age group of 16 to 62 years to establish the diagnostics utility of serum copper measurement along with the two tumor markers CEA and CA125. While copper measurement was done using a manual method, CEA and CA125 assays were carried out is fully automatic Roche diagnostic Elecsys 2010 which uses electrochemiluminescence technology. Appropriate quality controls were used to validate the accuracy of the results obtained. Excellent correlation (p<0.0001) between Cu and both the tumor markers were obtained thereby showing a very strong association between serum copper and the two tumor markers. This study concludes that measurement of serum copper along with the two tumor markers will be diagnostically useful in cancer screening / remission.
Key Words:- Copper, CEA, CA 125.
Research article:-
Arvind K. Srivastava*, Savita Srivastava, Swayam Prakash Srivastava, Deepak Raina, Rehan Ahmad, M.N.Srivastava, Ram Raghubir and Vijai Lakshmi.
Divisions of Biochemistry, Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Botany and Pharmacology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001,India.
Abstract: The standardized ethanolic extract of the epicarp of the fruits of a marine mangroove Xylocarpus granatum have been found antihyperglycaemic and antidyslipidemic in nature. The yield of the extract by percolation method at room temperature varies between 8 to 14 % depending upon the season of collection. Studies in normal as well as streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed that the extract is effective in the improvement oral glucose tolerance post sucrose load. The extract was also found efficient in declining blood glucose profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats and both glucose as well as cholesterol and triglycerides levels in low dosed streptozotocin- high fructose fed rats and dyslipidemic hamsters. In neonatlly STZ-treated and fructose fed rats, the extract completely controlled their abnormal oral glucose tolerance and improved insulin resistance. The altered biochemical markers i.e. glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney and except glucose-6-phosphatase, all the other markers in muscles of fructose fed as well as neonatally STZ-treated were also found towards normalization after the oral treatment of CDR-134 D123 at 250 mg/kg dose for three weeks. Controlled clinical trials are going on with this preparation for its usage in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Key words :-Xylocarpus granatum, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Neonatally STZ-treated rats, Low dosed STZ treated- high fructose fed rats, Dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, db/db mice, hamsters, antidiabetic activity, antidyslipidemic activity.