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Research article:- *V. Selvam 1, R .Thamil Selvi2 , P.M. Subramaniam3, Vijayanath.V4.
1Lecturer in Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu,India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
3Prof. & HOD of Pathology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu,India. 4.Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu ,India.
Abstract:- Introduction: We aimed to determine the prevalence of common lung and liver diseases and correlate with age, sex, life style & its other factors. Histopathology is an important and most useful way to find out the condition of internal visceral organs. These specimen were collected from different causes of deaths of people who lived in and around of Salem district. Condition of the lungs and liver were described during autopsy and gross examination. Histopathology study was conducted from 120 cases in V.M.K.V. Medical College Hospital, in the department of Pathology Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of two years (2009-2011) as elective and prospective study. We collected samples from 120 cases for histopathology study. Samples were collected from each right and left lobes of lung and the liver as well as other gross findings on cut surface, color and other external features were observed and recorded. Tissue sections made and stained with Hematoxylin, Eosin & Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining were evaluated. Results: Of the 120 cases were studied, 12 cases excluded due to autolysis. 108 cases have analysed for study, the cases ranging from 6 years to 80 years. In lungs, pulmonary edema 26.6%, emphysematous 50%, tuberculosis 2.8%, pneumanitis10.2% and no findings in7.4% cases. Whereas in liver, fatty changes in 26.9%, normal 25.9%; congestion 16.7%, hepatitis 13.9%, cirrhosis & abscess each 7.4% and malignancy only in 1.9% cases. Conclusion: From the histopathological study of lung the most common findings were emphysematous and pulmonary edema. And in the liver, the most common findings were found in fatty changes, both lung & liver diseases starts with age of 40 years and above accordance to exposure of toxic substances and consumption of alcohol respectively, in and around of Salem population.
Keywords:- Histopathology, autopsy, emphysematous, pulmonary edema, fatty changes.
Research article:- * Kunanusorn Puongtip1, Panthong Ampai2, Nuntasaen Narong3, Pittayanurak Prapadsorn4, Reutrakul Vichai5 .
1 Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
2 Dr. rer. nat., Department of Pharmacology and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3 M.Sc., The Forest Herbarium National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand.
4 B.Sc., 5 Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract:-Clausena excavata Burm. f. has been used in Thailand as a folk medicine for the treatment of several disorders. To evaluate its safety, toxicity studies of the methanol extract from the stems of C. excavata were performed in rats. The extract was administered orally at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg in acute toxicity study, and at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day for 90 days in repeated dose 90-day toxicity study. Toxicological parameters were examined at the end of each study. Student's paired t-test was used to analyze data obtained from acute toxicity study. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc least-significant difference test were used to determine statistical difference between groups in the repeated dose 90-day toxicity study. In acute toxicity study, the extract caused no signs of toxicity, death or any pathological abnormalities at necropsy on day 14. Thus its oral LD50 is suggested to be greater than 5 g/kg. In the repeated dose 90-day toxicity study, no signs of toxicity and death were observed. Some hematological and biochemical parameters as well as some internal organ weights showed statistically significant changes when compared with those of the control group. All parameters of the treated rats were within the normal laboratory ranges for the Sprague-Dawley rats and were considered as biological variations. Moreover, no abnormality of all organs examined was observed in both gross and histopathological examinations. These results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of the extract is 200 mg/kg/day following daily oral administrations for 90 days.
Keywords:- Acute oral toxicity, Clausena excavata, 90-day oral toxicity, Rats, Stem extract.
Research article:- Onyekwe N. G.1; Ilodigwe E. E.1; Ajaghaku D. L.1; Esimone C. O.2
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria .
2Department of Pharmaceutical microbiology/ Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The acute and subchronic toxicities of the ethanol root extract of Psidium guajava, a popular Nigeria traditional aphrodisiac was investigated. For the acute toxicity study, 1000-5000mg/kg of the ethanol root extract were orally administered to rats and obvious toxic symptoms and mortality 24 hours post-administration of the extract were determined. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined. In subchronic study, 150-1200mg/kg of the extract were orally administered daily for 90 days. The food and water consumption, body weight changes, as well as haematological and biochemical parameters were determined periodically. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were also investigated. Phytochemical constituents revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. The estimated LD50 of the extract was 1352mg/kg. During the period of the study, the animals showed signs of anorexia, weakness and sluggishness and significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weight; and mortality from the group receiving the highest dose of the extract was observed. The effects on haemoglobin concentration, PCV and RBC were non-significant (p>0.05) but there was significant dose-time dependent elevation of the WBC counts. The extract caused significant elevation in serum liver enzymes, AST, ALT and ALP. Hepatic photomicrographs showed dose-time dependent toxicities Industrial Relevance: Impotence, weak libido and erectile dysfunction may require life-long management. In resource poor communities, aphrodisiac agents are not readily accessible. The use of medicinal plants especially Psidium guajava root is popular in Nigeria because it is readily available, cheap and relatively free from obvious adverse effects. The results of the resent study will enable the industry to produce from natural products an effective aphrodisiac that is affordable with little or no side effect.
Key words: P. guajave, toxicity, liver enzymes, haematological and histological indices.
Case Report:- * Dr. Niranjan M R1, Dr. Shetty shivakumar.M2, Dr. Jayasheelan. M. R3.
1MD, (General Medicine), DNB, MNAMS ,Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan 573201, Karnataka, India.
2MD, (General Medicine), Professor of Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
3MD, (General Medicine), DNB, Senior resident, Dept. Of Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Abstract :- Takayasu arteritis is a rare chronic large vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its main branches. Pulmonary arteries involvement is well described in Takayasu's arteritis. We report the case of a 40-year old male patient with Takayasu arteritis who presented with features of right heart failure and found to have severe left pulmonary trunk stenosis resulting in pulmonary hypertension and also with focal abdominal aortitis causing narrowing of left common iliac artery and resulted in left lower limb ischemia and gangrene, which made him to undergo above knee amputation. In our case the aortic arch and main branches were spared. Though the involvement of pulmonary artery is known, the presentation of features of right heart failure was the rarity in our case.
Keywords:- Takayasu arteritis, aorta, pulmonary artery, right heart failure.
Research article:- *R P Mishra1, Mohammad Arshad2 and Abdul Sami2 .
1R&D Division, MRD LifeSciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:-Rosa indica leaves, stem and flowers were screened against various pathogenic bacterial strains to study the antimicrobial properties of the plant. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of plant parts were screened by agar well diffusion method against E. coli, P. aeuginosa and S. aureus, respectively. Methanolic extracts of rose petals, leaves and stem were found to have good antibacterial properties against the entire test microorganisms selected in the study, while ethyl acetate extract showed activity against P. aeruginosa only. Rose flower was found best source for antibacterial activity against the microorganisms.
Keywords:- Rosa indica, E. coli, S. aureus, antibacterial properties, antibiogram.