DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1 ELEKWA, I.2 and JOFFA, P.P.K3.
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
3Department of Physiology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The role of C. papaya for the prevention of CCl4 induced liver damage was investigated. Thirty wistar albino rats were allotted to six groups. Rats in group1 were fed with 100% feed and administered CCl4, while those in groups (2, 3 and 4) were pretreated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of dried leaves of C. papaya respectively. Rats in groups 5 and 6 received 30% C. papaya and 100% feed without administration of CCl4 (positive and general controls respectively). CCl4 induction was carried out on the 29th day of study (0.5 ml/kg body weight in 0.5 ml olive oil intraperitoneally). Rats were starved for 24hrs, scarified on the 30th day of study and the serum was used to investigate the activities of liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH) using colorimetric methods. Morphology parameters were also assessed. Data obtained were analyzed by inferential statistics using ANOVA. There was significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of serum enzymes ( ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH) in CCl4 treated rats when compared with rats groups that were pre-treated with 10%, 30% and 50% C. papaya prior to administration of CCl4. However, there were significant decreases (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH in rats that were pre-treated with 10%, 30% and 50% C. papaya when compared with the rats that were administered CCl4 only, in a dose dependent manner. Liver weights decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in rats administered with CCl4 only. However, there was significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the liver weights of rats that were pre-treated with 10%, 30% and 50% Carica papaya, when compared with the rats that received CCl4 only. Unusual aggressive behavioral display was noticed in the pretreated experimental groups.
Key Words:- Carica papaya (C. papaya), Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), morphology, wistar rats etc.
Original research article:-
*Oguegbulu, N. Edwin1, Uche, I.Fidelia2
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, State Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, State Nigeria.
Abstract:- Background and aim: Alkaloids as vegetable alkalis found often in higher plants, are however occasionally present also in lower plants and in animals. They are indeed very medicinally useful secondary metabolites and can occur as primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary compounds. The extractability of quaternary alkaloids as in N-oxides tends to pose a serious challenge to natural products Chemists, especially in the resource - limited countries. This is because of their high level of polarity and hence a significant affinity to the aqueous-acid phase usually employed in the common extraction process. Alstonia boonei, a proven versatile medicinal plant used in African traditional medicine has been confirmed to contain a heavy load of alkaloids characteristics of which are consistent with the already established quaternary alkaloids of the other members of the Alstonia species. The objective of this research is to address these highlighted challenges posed by the extractability complexity of quaternary alkaloid and to aid in the quick identification of the same in the far away wood.
Methodology: Complexation of these quaternary alkaloids with bromocresol purple – a sulphonephthalein dye, at a specific pH of 5.58 was achieved and subjected to a comparison with Zn-reduction extracts of same using tlc techniques. Results: The observations have led to a prospect for enhanced and quick extractability of quaternary alkaloids of this plant using simple facilities of; TLC, UV – lamp and chromatographic colour reactions for the detection.
Conclusion: The dye stuff-complexation extracts have compared favourably with the extraction product of Zn-reduction technique already established for the quaternary alkaloidal extraction. Development of this method can then be a fast, simple and reliable innovation in the extraction of quarternary alkaloids of Alstonia boonei.
Key Words:- Alstonia boonei plant stem bark, quaternary alkaloids, Zn reduction complexes,bromocresol ion-pair complexation extracts at pH 5.58, tlc detection.
Research article:-
* S.Sudhakar1, K.Kotteeswaran1, Vaiyapuri Anandh 2, M.Santha3 .
1 Asst Professor, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
2 PG Lecturer, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Chennai, India .
3 Principal, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
4 PG Student, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze, the effects of slump stretching in comparison to interferential therapy in subjects with low back pain. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the treatment efficacy of slump stretching for patients with low back pain in reducing pain and disability. Study Design: Experimental study design Study Setting: Outpatient Department, Saveetha college of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai -602 105 Method: 60 subjects with back pain radiating to lower limb who fulfills the inclusion criteria were recruited and they were randomized to receive slum stretching with exercise or interferential therapy with exercise. All patients were treated every alternate day for 2 weeks. Outcome Measures: Numerical pain rating scale, Body diagram, Modified Oswestry disability index. Result: Using ‘t’ test in the data the result shows that there is a significant difference between Group-A and Group-B in reducing pain and disability and improving centralization of symptoms. The post test mean value of NPRS score in Group-A is 1.80 (SD 0.71) and in Group-B is 2.47 (SD 1.25). The post test mean value of body diagram score in Group-A is 1.30 (SD- 0.95) and in Group-B is 1.97 (SD 0.96).The post test mean value of Modified Oswestry Index score in Group-A is 8.93 (SD 5.63) and in Group-B is 11.73 (SD 4.86) this shows that the scores in Group-A is lesser than Group-B with the P<0.05(5% level). This shows that slump stretching group produces better relief in pain and disability and also produces better improvement in centralization of symptoms in comparison with interferential therapy group. Conclusion: The present study reveals that the treatment given to both the groups were effective in reducing pain, disability and centralization of the symptoms. However the reduction of symptoms were found to be statistically significant in group-A in which slump stretching and exercise was incorporated as compared to Group-B in which interferential therapy and exercise was used. Thus the study suggests that slump stretching can be used clinically to treat the symptoms of the patients with low back pain radiating distally to lower limb.
Key Words:- Low back pain, interferential therapy, slump stretching
Research article:-* Jamal A. Khan1 Sarwat F. Usmani 2, Samiullah Khan3
1 Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh ,India.
2 Department of Chemistry, NIMS, University, Jaipur, India.
3 Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Abstract:-The present study deals with the effect of fly ash on the mobility of amino acids through six typical soil of Aligarh district, their mobilities of amino acids in these soils showed the order Type I > type IV > Type II > Type VI > Type III > Type V, and the mobility of amino acids in all six soils followed the order Valine > alanine > glycine > lysine. The results had been explained on the basis of physical and chemical characteristics of six different types of soil and the molecular behavior of amino acids in soil medium.
Key Words:- Fly ash, amino acids, soil medium.
Review article:-
* W. Obeng-Denteh.
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Abstract:- Technically, sex is the tendency to decipher whether a particular specie is a male or a female. In biology the gender of specie is determined to ascertain whether it is a male or a female. This concept is being translated into the world of pure mathematics to ascertain the gender of ideals. The characteristics of ideals were taken into account and the end result justified that ideals are of the feminine gender.
Key Words:- Gender, ideals, male, female, operations of ideals.