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Research article:-
Ekadashi Rajni Sabharwal.1, Niraj Kumar Biswas.2, Vishnu Purohit.3
1,2Assistant professor Microbiology Department, Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar (Rajasthan), India.
3 Diploma Pathology, Purohit blood bank, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:- Acquisition of transfusion transmissible infections in the process of therapeutic blood transfusion is a major global health challenge in transfusion medicine. The prevalence of seropositivity among blood donors was evaluated in a 4 year retrospective study from 2007 to 2010 conducted at Purohit blood bank, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Donors were evaluated for the prevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV and syphilis. A total of 21399 healthy blood donors were tested, out of which 7711 (36.03%) were replacement donors and 13688 (63.96%) were voluntary donors. Males formed the bulk of the donor population (92.71%). The prevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV and syphilis was 0.82% (ranging from 0.23% in 2008 to 1.37% in 2010), 0.79% (ranging from 0.32% in 2008 to 1.03% in 2010), 0.14% (ranging from 0.09% in 2007 to 0.20% in 2010) and 0.50% (ranging from 0.21% in 2008 to 0.61% in 2009) respectively. Our study underscores the increasing endemicity of TTIs in our community and the need for a sensitive screening algorithm of blood donations to improve blood safety.
Keywords:- HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, seroprevalence, transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs).
Original research article:-
*Oguegbulu, N. Edwin1, Uche, I.Fidelia2
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, State Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, State Nigeria.
Abstract:- Background and aim: Alkaloids as vegetable alkalis found often in higher plants, are however occasionally present also in lower plants and in animals. They are indeed very medicinally useful secondary metabolites and can occur as primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary compounds. The extractability of quaternary alkaloids as in N-oxides tends to pose a serious challenge to natural products Chemists, especially in the resource - limited countries. This is because of their high level of polarity and hence a significant affinity to the aqueous-acid phase usually employed in the common extraction process. Alstonia boonei, a proven versatile medicinal plant used in African traditional medicine has been confirmed to contain a heavy load of alkaloids characteristics of which are consistent with the already established quaternary alkaloids of the other members of the Alstonia species. The objective of this research is to address these highlighted challenges posed by the extractability complexity of quaternary alkaloid and to aid in the quick identification of the same in the far away wood.
Methodology: Complexation of these quaternary alkaloids with bromocresol purple – a sulphonephthalein dye, at a specific pH of 5.58 was achieved and subjected to a comparison with Zn-reduction extracts of same using tlc techniques. Results: The observations have led to a prospect for enhanced and quick extractability of quaternary alkaloids of this plant using simple facilities of; TLC, UV – lamp and chromatographic colour reactions for the detection.
Conclusion: The dye stuff-complexation extracts have compared favourably with the extraction product of Zn-reduction technique already established for the quaternary alkaloidal extraction. Development of this method can then be a fast, simple and reliable innovation in the extraction of quarternary alkaloids of Alstonia boonei.
Key Words:- Alstonia boonei plant stem bark, quaternary alkaloids, Zn reduction complexes,bromocresol ion-pair complexation extracts at pH 5.58, tlc detection.
Research article:-
*S. Lokanadham 1 , N.Khaleel 2 , Sateesh Naik. K3 , V.Subhadra Devi. 4
1School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad-500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Department of Anatomy, St.John Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
3Department of Anatomy, Sri Bhasaweswara Medical College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India. 4Department of Anatomy, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract: Formalin fixed 15 (male-6, female-9) aborted fetuses from 16weeks -36 weeks of gestational age were dissected to study the morphology of fetal thyroid glands. Crown -Rump length, Crown - Heel length and weight of the fetus along with fetal thyroid morphological and morphometric parameters were recorded. We observed the broader right lobes, broader left lobes of the thyroid glands, pyramidal lobe, levator glandulae thyroidae and isthmus agenesis which may consider under multiple morphological anomalies of the thyroid gland. Female fetuses (n = 5) are showing the broader right lobes and male fetuses (n = 3) are showing broader left lobes. The morphological parameters of the both broader right and left lobes of the thyroid glands of the fetuses were recorded. This study highlights various developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, thereby forming a corner stone to safe and effective surgery.
Keywords: :-Agenesis of isthmus, pyramidal lobe, variation lobes.
Research article:-* Amarjeet S Wagh1 and Naveen Jain2.
1 Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology , Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
2 DM, Consultant Neonatologist, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Abstract:- Objectives: To compare the neonatal morbidities of late preterm babies with babies born term. Methods: Prospective observational study. Settings: Referral NICU Study period: 18 months Results: 114 late preterm babies were compared against 1094 term born babies. Late preterm babies had more neonatal morbidities compared to term babies (85 % vs 16.3 %). Need for resuscitation (14 vs 1.7 %), need for respiratory support (29.8 vs 3.4 %), hypoglycemia (30 vs 2.2 %), hyperbilirubinemia (50 vs 10.4 %), sepsis (9.6 vs 0.9 %), need for intravenous fluids (58 vs 2 %) were more in late preterms as compared to term babies. 94 % term babies were exclusively breast fed at discharge as against only 53.5 % late preterms. 83 (72.8 %) babies were followed up to 3 months age corrected for prematurity. 3.6 % had weights less than 5th centile and 83 % between 5 – 50th. 4.8 % of babies had an abnormal field on DDST and 20.4 % had a questionable test. Babies delivered late preterm for maternal or fetal indications had significantly more risk of neonatal morbidities than those born early due to preterm labor. Use of antenatal steroids did not alter outcomes. Conclusions: late preterm babies have higher risk of neonatal morbidities. They are likely to have growth and development concerns even at 3 months corrected age.
Keywords:- late preterm, term, neonatal morbidities.
Research article:- *Dr. Narayan Shrihari MD (Microbiology)1,
Dr. KumudiniT.S D.Bact (Microbiology) 2, Dr. Mariraj. J MD (Microbiology) 3, Dr. Krishna.S MD (Microbiology) 4
1Asst. Professor, Department of Microbiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, India.
2 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, India.
3 Professor, Department of Microbiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, India.
4 Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, India.
Abstract:- Background: An arbovirus is one that multiplies in a blood sucking arthropod and is transmitted by the bite to a vertebrate host. Objective: To know the prevalence of dengue, chikungunya and Japanese B encephalitis arboviral infections in and around Bellary district. Material and Methods: The laboratory records of clinically suspected dengue, chikungunya and Japanese B encephalitis patients from January 2009 to December 2011were analyzed retrospectively and results of Ig M anti dengue, chikungunya and japanese B encephalitis antibodies tested by Ig M capture enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (Mac ELISA). A total of 1396 dengue suspected serum samples were analyzed, out of which 160 (11.46%) samples were found positive for dengue virus infection. Maximum positive cases were seen in 2009 (15.72%). A total of 1386 chikungunya suspected serum samples were analyzed, out of which 343 (24.75%) samples were fond positive for chikungunya virus infection. Maximum number of positive cases was seen in 2010 (28.40%). A total of 706 japanese B encephalitis suspected cerebrospinal fluid samples and 491 serum samples were analyzed, out of which 31(4.39%) in cerebrospinal fluid samples and 20 (4.05%) in serum samples were found positive for japanese B encephalitis virus infection. Here maximum cases were found in 2009 (7.09%). The present study emphasizes the continuous sero-epidemiological surveillance for the effective arboviruses mainly dengue, chikungunya and japanese B encephalitis control programme.
Keywords:- Dengue, Chikungunya and Japanese B Encephalitis and Ig M antibody capture ELISA