DocumentsDate added
Original research article:-
Ritu Gupta.1,Sanjay Porwal.2*, Madhusudan Swarnkar.3, Neelam Sharma.4, Priyanka Maheshwari.5
1,4M.S.Assistant Professor,5S.R.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2M.S. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, 3Assistant Professor,Department of P.S.M, S.R.G. Hospital and Medical College, Jhalawar ,Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:- Background: Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of about 1-2% of pregnancies and can occur in any sexually active woman of reproductive age. The incidence has been increasing for years and currently two to three times higher than it was 20 or 25 years ago. Objective: To assess the Incidence and Trends of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan and to evaluate the relevance of the risk factors assossiated with it.
Methods: A retrospective study was designed to assess frequency of ectopic pregnancy and to evaluate the relevance of the known risk factors in 3 years period in Jhalawar Medical College. All the datas were collected from case record of patients and determined and charted in an excel sheet. Simple frequencies and percentages were obtained for various variables. Result: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 2.46 per thousand of deliveries. Maximum (72.5%) cases were in the age group of 21 to 30 years and most of cases (40%) were nulliparous. About half (47.5%) of cases were suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease. The commonest site of ectopic pregnancy was in ampullo-isthmic region (82.5%).All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy. Majority (45%) underwent total salpingectomy while fallopian tubes were conserved in a few (7.5%) of cases. No mortality encountered in this series. Conclusion: By identifying the risk factors and catching the patient by ultrasonographic examination at the earliest at 6 weeks, it is possible to improve the prognosis to reduce the morbidity and mortality assossiated with ectopic pregnancy.
Keywords:- Ectopic pregnancy, Exploratory laparotomy, Primigravida, Fallopian tubes, Ultrasonography, Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Research article:-
* Radhakrishnan Rajesh1, Sudha Vidyasagar2, Danturulu Muralidhar Varma3, Shreekant Sharma4
1 M.Pharm, Senior Grade Lecturer, 4 M.Pharm, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal – 576 104, Karnataka, India. 2 MD, Professor & Head of the Department of Medicine, 3 MD, Associate Professor, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal – 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background: The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are linked to poor medication adherence and altered quality of life in HIV Positive patient’s particularly in countries with a high illiteracy rate such as India. In India inability to read and understand written medication instructions is a major contributory factor for poor adherence. Patients’ ability to understand adverse effects of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is crucial for safety and efficacy of the HIV treatment. Pictograms is an alternative but culturally sensitive to improve patient’s knowledge, particularly in illiterate and low-literate groups. Objective: The aim of this study was to design simple and culturally sensitive pictograms for adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy and to assess its understandability in Indian HIV positive patients. Methods: A total of simple 20 pictograms was designed for adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral regimen either from photos or images from textbooks in accordance with the local culture (local pictograms). Testing for understanding of these 20 pictograms was conducted in 50 hospitalized HIV positive Indian patients who were on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and ranged from having no education to college level education, were interviewed. Demographic data were collected, and participants were tested for their interpretation of all 20 pictograms using International Standard Organization (ISO) criteria for acceptance greater than 67% in phase I and in phase II after 3 weeks of follow-up. Participants were interviewed in medical wards at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India. Results: Of the 20 designed pictograms, only 9 of the 20 pictograms and 17 of the 20 pictograms met the International Standard Organization (ISO) >67% for correct criterion in phase I and phase II respectively. Standard of higher education level had a significant influence on the interpretation of pictograms compared to low literate. The illiterate patients showed a least understanding of pictograms. Significant differences in correct interpretation of pictograms were found between pictograms of polyurea and constipation (P<0.05). No significant differences in correct interpretation were observed between gender and treatment naïve or treatment experienced HIV patients. Conclusion: Pictograms about ARV medication adverse effects were designed for viewers with illiteracy and low-literacy skills, user-focused, employing a consultative, iterative process. The increase in use of newer ARV in India increases the risk for ADRs and poor adherence to ARV therapy. It is therefore recommended that HIV clinicians must use pictograms as a counseling aid in combination with text or verbal information when educating HIV patients about adverse effects of ARV therapy.
Key Words:- Pictograms, HIV, AIDS, adverse drug reactions, antiretroviral therapy, highly active. India.
Review article:-
* Laxman V Dasar 1, Jayashree M.P 2, Kanwarpal Singh Gill 3
1Associate Professor ,2Asst.Professor, 3PG Student, Department of Ophthalmology S.Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K. Hospital & Research Centre, Bagalkot,Karnataka,India.
Abstract: -
Purpose: To evaluate donor profile, eye donation trend and mode of utilization of corneal tissue procured by the Basaveshwar Veerashiva Vidyavardhaka Eye Bank (BVVEB) and Corneal Grafting Centre, Bagalkot, North Karnataka, southern India.
Methods: As a part of a retrospective study, the eye donor’s register of BVVEB for the 10 year period 2001-2011 was analysed for each year with respect to donor’s age, sex, religion and place, mode of eye donation, cause of death and time gap between death and enucleation. Results: During the study period, 428 corneas were retrieved from 214 donors, among which 59.6% were males and 40.4% were females, with the mean age of donor 63.1% and donor age ranges 4-104 years. A significant correlation was identified between donor age group and the proportion of corneas suitable for transplantation. Donors were from district and hobli (semi urban) places in equal numbers. The Distance of donor’s place from eye bank is the one (68.2% within 60 kilometres), which matters for the time gap between the donor death and enucleation (72.4% within 3 hours). The most common cause of donor death was due to old age, followed by cardiovascular disease, trauma/multiple injury. Most of donations were from home. Overall 36% of corneal tissue procured was used for corneal transplantation and 64% were used for other purposes.
Conclusion: Analysis of the BVVEB registers provides valuable information in relation to eye banking and corneal utilisation in north Karnataka, southern India and significant trends were identified in donor demographics.
Keywords:- Corneal blindness, Eye- donors, Enucleation, Keratoplasty.
Original research article:-
Pithadia Pradeep R.1, Lodhiya Kaushik K. 2, Damor Raman D.3, Yadav Sudha B. 4, Parmar Dipesh V.5
1, M.D. (Community Medicine) Assistant Professor, 2, 3M.D. (Community Medicine) Tutor, 4 M.D. (Community Medicine), Additional Dean and Professor and Head, 5 M.D. (Community Medicine), Professor, Community Medicine Department, M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:- Objectives: The study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of different TB Units (TUs) of Jamnagar district in terms of DOTS services under RNTCP and thereby identifying their level of performance. i.e. best performing or worst performing TUs.
Method: A cross-sectional study conducted between 1st January, 2009 and 31st December, 2009. TB registers of all four TUs of Jamnagar district (namely Jamnagar, Khambhaliya, Lalpur and Dhrol) were reviewed and every 3rd TB patient registered from 1st January, 2009 to 30thJune, 2009 was selected by systemic sampling method. Results:- Jamnagar TU was the best performing TU, with 90% patients having satisfactory Intensive Phase (IP) compliance, while Lalpur TU was poorest in this case (65%). Moreover, in Khambhaliya TU, highest number of patients during IP having discrepancies between recorded doses on treatment cards and empty blister packs (34% patients) found. Dhrol TU had highest number of patients (19%) having gap of more than a week between diagnosis and initiation of treatment, while it was least in Jamnagar TU (only 6%). Jamnagar TU had the highest number of patients (93%) having minimum 22 of total 24 doses supervised, while Lalpur TU had the least (85%).
Conclusion: The performance of Jamnagar TU was better among all four TUs of Jamnagar district, followed by Khambhaliya and Dhrol TU. Lalpur TU was the worst performing TU among all four TUs. The reason for good performance of Jamnagar TU were urban location, effective supervision and monitoring, trained DOTS providers. The reasons for poor performance of other TUs were vacant positions, non-motivated and untrained staff, poor supervision and monitoring and lack of awareness about TB among rural communities.
Keywords:- TB Units, Evaluation, Performance, DOTS, RNTCP.
Case report:- * Yadavalli Guruprasad.
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, AME’S Dental College Hospital & Research Centre Raichur-584103, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) first described by Gorlin et al. in 1962, represents a heterogeneous group of lesions that exhibit a variety of clinico pathologic and behavioral features. COC has been categorized under two basic groups namely, cystic and neoplastic. Very few cases of ameloblastomatous COC have been reported in the literature. We report a rare case of COC with ameloblastomatous changes, emphasizing on the rarity of the lesion in a 19 year old female patient.
Keywords:-Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC); maxilla; ameloblastomatous COC.