DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
* Chandrashekhar DK1, Chandrakanth C2, Sunilkumar B1, Gangane R1, Basavaraj P1, Amaresh 1, VinodKumar C.S3.
1Department of Microbiology, M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga-585105, Karnataka, India.
2Department of Microbiology, Bidar Govt. Medical College, Bidar-585401, Karnataka, India. 3Department of Microbiology, S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Davangere-577005, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Nosocomial infection is a major problem in the world today. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, usually resistant to several antibiotics, shows a particular ability to spread in hospitals and is now present in most of the countries. The objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in different clinical specimens and also to define the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the strains isolated. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by standard methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Interpretation criteria were those of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory standards. During a period of one year, out of a total of 312 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples, 177 (56.7%) were found to be Methicillin-resistant. Seventy percent isolates of MRSA were from inpatient departments and amongst them only 10% of the isolates were from intensive care units (ICU). More than 100% of MRSA were resistant to Penicillin, 91.5% percent resistance to erythromycin followed by Cefepime (90.4%), Ampicillin+ sullbactum (90.4%), Amoxycillin (83.6%), norfloxacin (81.4%), Cefuroxime (78.5%)., while 25.4% of them were resistant to Amikacin. Many MRSA strains were multidrug-resistant. However, no strains were resistant to Vancomycin MRSA infections are generally multi-drug resistant and their therapy entails a huge financial drain on hospital resources. Good infection control practices with emphasis on strict hand washing can minimize this burden by reducing their transmission. Identification of MRSA carriers and their treatment along with other measures can reduce it further. Prudent use of antimicrobial agents is one of major steps to reduce growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
Keywords:-Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, clinical specimens.
Review article:-
*Qazi Najeeb1, Rajesh Pandey2, Neeru Bhaskar3, Harnam Kaur4, Sheikh Ishaq5, Jasbir Singh6, K.S Sodhi7.
*1, 5 Postgraduate student, 2, 4 Associate Professor, 3Assistant Professor, 6, 7 Professor Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
Abstract:- The traditional methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a disease are associated with a variety of pitfalls in diagnosis and mild to severe drug-related adverse effects. Most physicians prescribe a drug, change its dose or even the drug by a ‘trial and error’ process because it is poorly understood why certain drugs do not work for some patients or why they induce serious adverse effects in others. Personalized medicine is a concept that emerged with the completion of the Human Genome Project and conveys information about a person’s genome, proteome and environment. Since these factors are different for every person, nature of the disease including its onset, course and response to drugs also differs from person to person. The present review highlights the pros and cons of personalized medicine with special emphasis on the likelihood of its impact on autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Keywords:- Personalized medicine, autoimmunity, cancer, disease, genetics.
Research article:-
Dr. Bakr Manal M. 1* PhD, Atalla Hanan2 R. PhD
Nursing Administration Department1, Adult Health Nursing Department2 College of Nursing,Menoufiya University, Egypt.
Abstract:- Background:- Medication error is defined as any type of error in the prescription, transcription, dispensing and administration process which could bring about serious consequences or not. The aim of the study is to examine the medication errors, causes, and reporting behaviors as perceived by nurses. Settings and design: Quantitative cross- sectional descriptive design was used at three hospitals: University Hospital, Teaching Hospital and National Liver Institute in their ICUs and wards. Material and methods: A survey method was used to collect data using the Modified Gladstone’s Scale of Medication Errors. A convenient sample of the 186 nurses was obtained from three types of hospitals115 from ICUs and 71 from words recruited from three hospitals. Statistical analysis: Data entry and analysis were done by using statistical package for the social sciences, SPSS Version (11.0) and presented using frequencies, number and percentage, mean and standard deviation and chi square. Results: No differences were found across hospitals in regard to number of errors committing over their career in wards and ICUs at three hospitals. In general, nurses were usually sure what constitutes a medication error; however, ICUs nurses were slightly higher than ward nurses in this aspect. In all hospitals, underreporting was evident and both group of nurses were not sure when a medication error should be reported using an incident report. Around half of both groups(76.5%,67.6%) perceived that, some medication errors are not reported because nurses afraid of the reaction they will receive from the nurse manager and the majority of them would notify the physician than to complete an incident report, no difference between nurses in wards and those in ICUs in term of most common causes of medication errors. Conclusion: low rates of medication errors should encourage formation process of health care systems. Recognizing medication errors is the first step to reduce, report, and even eliminate them, especially in acute care settings. Findings pinpoint that nurses have to have staff development about various issues related to medication errors, particularly defining and reporting these errors.
Keywords:-Medication errors, Causes, and Reporting Behaviors.
Review article:-
*Roya Hassankhani1, Razieh Hassankhani2 .
1Agricultural Mechanization, Tabriz University, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2Private law, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract:- The word ergonomics may seem to be an over- or inappropriately- used term at times, but the practical reality is that a good understanding of ergonomics and human interaction is a necessity for any successful product. Many new techniques and processes are being introduced to improve efficiency in agricultural production. In this situation the workers in farm must operate different agricultural machinery and often they must work in farms with these machines for the plenty of times. Machine design may be related to hazards of two kinds. One is accidents causing acute injuries. The other is chronic injuries or illnesses because of long-term, unfavorable effects on the body during work operations.
Keywords:- Agricultural machinery, civil liability, ergonomic.
Review article:-
*Roya Hassankhani1, Razieh Hassankhani2 .
1Agricultural Mechanization, Tabriz University, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2Private law, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, . Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract: Amid a global financial crisis and further market instability, the number of poor people also is climbing, undoing significant gains made against hunger and poverty in the past decade. These concerns have prompted renewed interest and discussion on the role of agricultural growth and development as a means to address both hunger and poverty. In the future, agricultural growth must come primarily from rising biological yields rather than from expanding cultivated areas or intensifying agriculture through irrigation, because fertile land and water are becoming increasingly scarce. Biotechnology is experiencing a revolution like none before in the life sciences and is affecting every facet of our lives, from crop improvement to commerce, and drugs to sustainable development.
Keywords: Agriculture, biotechnology, food Security.