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Short communication:- Botany
Seema Verma*, Dr. (Mrs.) Ranjana Shrivastava and Dr.Deepak Karkun
Department of Botany Govt. V.Y.T.P.G. Autonomous College Durg (C.G.), India.
Abstract:- Ethnobiology is a multidisciplinary field of study that draws on approaches and methods from both the social and biological sciences. In both ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, the documentation of the consequences of particular behaviors and practices is through cultural and biological expertise intrinsic to the fields of anthropology and biology/medicine. Since the inception of the disciplines, scientific research in ethnobiology and ethnomedicine has made important contributions to our understanding of traditional subsistence and medical knowledge and practice. More recently, the focus has increasingly been on the issues of human well-being and environmental sustainability. The boundaries between ethnobiology and ethnomedicine are increasingly merging to address complex questions. This paper discusses some of the links between biodiversity and traditional medicine, and addresses their implications to public health. We explore the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services to global and human health, the risks which human impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity present to human health and welfare. No special selection criteria were used in the choice of the informants because one of the aims of this work was to assess the breadth of popular heritage in the field of wild edible plants, knowledge which is widespread among locals.
Keywords:- Not given.
Research article:-
Samia, A.A. Hassan1, Sania, A.I. Shaddad 2, Kamal Salih1, AbdelKhalig Muddither 3, *S. I. Kheder 4*, Barsham, M.A.5
1Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 8067, El-Amarat, Khartoum,Sudan.
2Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of pharmacology, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
3Faculty of pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
4Pharmacy program. National college of Medical and Technical Sciences,Sudan.
5Department of physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Sudan.
Abstract:- Introduction: Herbal galactoues are widely used today in all cultures to stimulate milk production both in women and dairy animal. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of (Multiple dose) of oral administration of Trigonella foneum-graeum. L. (Fenugreek) seeds on milk yield, body weight, and to clarify the hormonal effects on milk production of Sudanese desert sheep. Materials and methods: Twenty-one adult, healthy, ewes in med lactation were randomly divided into three groups (n=7) and were given orally different doses of fenugreek (0, 2.5 and 5g/kg bwt) weekly for 7 weeks. Blood samples were collected and body weights were measured weekly but the milk yield was daily measured. Results: Administration of (2.5 and 5g/kg bwt) for 7 week induced highly significant increase (P<0.05) in milk yield and body weight gain in all treated groups compared with control. This effect was associated with a significant enhancement of detectable levels in (ng/µl) of prolactin, T4 and TSH. The significant higher levels of prolactin (ng/ µl) and TSH (µl/ µl) were observed compared with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: the present study concludes that the Trigonella foneum can enhance milk yield and body weight and the effect of increasing milk yield is associated with the stimulating effect of prolactin and other thyroid hormones.
Key words:- Trigonella foneum-graeum. L. (Fenugreek) seeds , Milk production.
Research article:- Pharmacy
Dr. Srisombat Nawanopparatsakul1,Dr.Patamawan Phuagphong2 and Nudchanart Kitcharoen 2
1Associate.Prof, 2,3Assistant .Prof. Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand.
Abstract:- The objective of this study was to screen inhibitory effects of selected herbs on plant growth. The peels of three species of Citrus, Citrus maxima (Burm.f) Merr., Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.), were selected for various extractions. Three extraction solvents: methanol, 80% methanol and water were used in this study. The test methods were seed germination bioassay which focused on percent inhibition of seed germination, and seedling length bioassay that reflected the inhibitory effects on root elongation of seedling plants of lettuce seeds, Lactuca sativa L with suitable germination and growth rate as the representative for weeds in the test such as sensitivity, simplicity, low cost and suitability. The result showed that the 1 mg/ml of 80% methanol extracts of Citrus aurantifolia had significant inhibitory effects on germination of lettuce seeds. For the seedling length bioassay, three extracts of Citrus aurantifolia had inhibitory effects on root elongation of lettuce seeds with EC10 of 0.01 µg/ml, 0.11 µg/ml, 0.01 µg/ml for MeOH, 80% MeOH and aqueous extracts, respectively. The study is worthy of further investigation since this could provide potential bioherbicide and may lead to the discovery of new effective and applicable bioherbicide.
Keywords:- Citrus spp, seed germination bioassay, seedling length bioassay, bioherbicide.
Research article:-Biotechnology
*1Singh Mukesh (Ph.D), 2Majumdar Anurima (Ph.D), 3Momi Navneet (M.S, Ph.D pursuing) 4Bhattacharjee Aishwarya (M.Tech), 4Majumdar Kaustav (Ph.D pursuing), 4Kundu Soumyabrata (M.Tech), 4 Paul Rituparna (B.Tech), 4 Maity Dipanjana (B.Tech), 1Sasmal Kankaayan (B.Tech pursuing) and 1Sarkar Ankita (B.Tech pursuing).
*1Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Purba Medinipur, Haldia, India.
2University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
3University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska.
4Department of Biotechnology, Bengal College of Engg. & Technology, Durgapur, India.
Abstract:- Free radicals can cause damage to biomolecules and thus alter biological metabolism leading to dreadful diseases like cancer, diabetics, and age related disorder. From ancient times, plants have been known to possess medicinal properties and hence they have immense therapeutic potential. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the most common beverages and people all over the world consume it on daily basis. Tea has many bioactive components like polyphenols, catechins, flavonoids etc. that have the intrinsic power to scavenge reactive oxygen species. The present research was undertaken to measure the effects of tea leaves’ extracts in reducing the oxidative stress induced by Mohr’s salt (Fe 2+) ions and H2O2 (Fenton system) in Calf thymus (CT) DNA. In addition, superoxide scavenging activity of the same extracts was also measured by auto-oxidation of hematoxilin. Boiled aqueous extracts of fresh green leaves and semi-fermented leaves were used for the above said study. This study showed that there was a dose-dependent protection of Fe 2+ ions and H2O2 stressed CT DNA and inhibition of superoxide radicals. Both gel electrophoresis and superoxide assay results correlated each other. These results suggested that tea leaves have the potential to serve as a beverage as well as a medicine against free-radical-associated oxidative damage and related degenerative diseases involving metabolic stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
Key words:- Antioxidant activity, Camellia sinensis, DNA strand, reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Research article:- Biochemistry
*AKANDE I. S, 1 SAMUEL T. A1 , AGBAZUE .U1 AND OLOWOLAGBA B. L1
1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abstract:-The comparative nutritive values of different tea brands on sale in Nigeria were investigated and compared with natural Lemon grass extracts. The brands include Lipton tea, Top tea, Nescafe and Green tea. The percentage moisture, ash, crude fibres, lipids and protein contents and antioxidant potentials were evaluated and compared. Phytochemical screening for the various tea brands compared to Lemon grass was also carried out. Results from the study showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the proximate composition of the various tea brands compared with lemon grass . Top tea had the highest percentage of moisture (11.2%), crude fibre (84.35%), lipid (6.09%), protein (0.44%) while Nescafe had the highest percentage of ash content (13.03%). Green tea contained the least ash content (4.79%) while Lemon grass had the lowest percentage lipid (0.42%). Phytochemical screening of these samples revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and conjugated dienes in all the four tea brands investigated. Top tea appeared the most balanced nutritionally while the green tea is the most susceptible to rancidity. Data of the study indicate that our indigenous tea brands including the natural extracts of lemon leaf are good sources of antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds and glycosides in addition to very few calories and only a small amount of fat with corresponding valuable minerals. They are therefore nutritionally acceptable and medicinally valuable.
Key Words:- Tea, Moisture, Antioxidant, Proximate, Flavonoids, Citrus hystrix.