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Research article:-
Abdolhossein Poornajaf1, Amir Ashkan Nasiripour2,Leila Najafi3*, Alimohamad Abbasi4,Maseeod Poornajaf5 ,Fariba Nozarpoor6, Fariba Bakhtie7, Khosrow Shirinie8 and Fahimeh Mirzakhani9.
1,4,8The Member of Academic Board of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, 2 Associate Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univesrsity,Tehran,Iran 3MPH. Student , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5Main nutrition6,7MA in Educational management , Teacher in Ilam schools,9Expert in Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran,Iran.
Abstract:- Behavioural disorders are behaviours by which an individual would negate other’s rights and social rules. This disorder happens more in childhood or adolescent .The present research has been performed with the purpose of considering the extent of prevalence of behavioral disorders in male and female elementary students in Ilam city. This study is descriptive–cross–sectional and causative -comparative, its statistical society is including students in Ilam city with total number 15283 in 2004-2005 educational years. The respected sample was obtained through screening with 840 subjects. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire, a form special for teachers. Data analysis has been performed through X2 test and correlation coefficient. Total prevalence of behavioral disorders among students was 5/5%: 3/08% for boys and 2/42% for girls. The prevalence of disorders related to care deficiency was calculated 1/85%, anxiety and Stress 1/63%, anti-social mood behaviours 1/41%, non-harmonious Behaviour 61%. Based on the research results it was determined that the prevalence of behavioral disorders in boys was more than girls and there was a meaningful relationship between gender education levels, age, parent’s education based on behavioural disorder (P < 0.05).
Key words:- Prevalence, behavioural disorders, student.
Research article:-Midwifery and Immunology
Direkvand-Moghadam A (MSc) 1 and Khosravi A (MSc, PhD) 2*
1 Department of Midwifery, 2Department of Immunology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Abstract:- Modern pharmacological therapies for menstruation pain commonly focus on alleviating menstrual pain and relaxing uterine muscle contraction by using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or oral contraceptive pills. Because treatment with NSAIDs is associated with a number of side effects and inadequate pain control by NSAIDs alone in some of cases, the current study was designed to overcome such limitation using Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris as a new pain killer. 120 students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences checked for their inclusion criteria that were singleness at the time of study, aged between 18 to 25 years, accommodated at University campus and having primary dysmenorrhea prior to the enrolment to the study. The participants either received Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris (5ml of the four times a day) or Ibuprofen (three times a day) orally. Both the analyzing methods of VMS and VAS were used to record the pain grade and pain scoring among the participants. The Shirazi Thymus Volgaris cured the pain with similar grade and score as the Ibuprofen at the first and second month of trial. The pain killing specificity of the current herbal medication may be due to its antispasmodic effects and therefore such safe medication can be evaluated and used for the pain therapy using different pain scoring system.
Keywords: -Menstrual pain, Pain Score, Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris, VMS.
Corresponding Author:
Khosravi A ., Department of Immunology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Research article:- Microbiology
Savita Jadhav1*, Nageswari Gandham1, Arundhuti Paul1, Misra R.N.1, Mani K.R.2.
1Department of Microbiology. Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pimpri-Pune-18,India
2National Referral Centre Central Research Institute , Kasauli Himachal Pradesh,India.
Abstract:- Introduction- Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a remarkable and diverse organism. This normally harmless commensal needs only to acquire a combination of mobile genetic elements to become a highly adapted pathogen capable of causing a range of diseases, from gastroenteritis to extra- intestinal infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and central nervous system. The worldwide burden of these diseases is staggering, with hundreds of millions of people affected annually. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) cause serious infections in people at risk and have significant environmental prevalence due to contamination by human and animal excreta. In developing countries, UPEC assumes importance in certain dwellings because of poor community /personal hygiene and exposure to contaminated water or soil. Materials and methods- A total of 50 E. coli isolates from urine of patients suffering from UTI and 50 E. coli isolates from the feces of healthy volunteers, were included in the study. The incidence of UTI (due to E. coli) was more in females (70%) than in males (30%). Ability of these E. coli strains to produce the virulence factors viz. production of haemolysin(28%),Cytotoxic necrotizing factor(44%) ,afimbrial adhesion (76%) ,pap(46%), aer(84%) areobactin were seen. E. coli isolates from chronic renal failure were usually bestowed with multiple virulence factors. 60-65% of the E.coli isolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to ampicillin, clotrimoxazole, norfloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin). ESBL production was demonstrated in 85.77% isolates from UTI and 14.28% were MBL producer.36.66% were ST131-CTX-M-15 MDR UPEC which is markedly high number. Conclusion:- We have standardized and used a rapid simple and inexpensive PCR test that allows the detection of the E.coli O25b-ST131 clone that often produces CTX-M-15enzyme, which may also host other ESBLs.This assay will help to trace the highly resistant and virulent O25b-ST131 clone in the community and hospitals.
Key words:- Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), Virulence factors, Multidrug resistance, sequence type B2-O25b-ST131-CTX-M-15.
Research article:-Microbiology
Gelotar Prakash1*, MD, Mundra Neetu A, MBBS2, Sinha Mala, MD3, Makwana Naresh4 1Assistant Professor, 2Resident,3Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology,4Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Shri M.P.Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:- Background:-Candida species are known to be the most common fungal pathogens isolated from blood cultures of neonates. Recent reports from our country indicate a trend towards an increasing prevalence of non-albicans candidemia. Aim of the study: The present study is an attempt to evaluate the incidence of candida infections and about increasing frequency of non-albicans candida species over candida albicans.
Material and Methods: A total 400 blood cultures are received in department of microbiology, Jamnagar over a period of 5 months (April 2011 – August 2011) from newborn. Results:-A total of 25 Candida isolates were obtained over a period of 5 months.. Of the 25 isolates, 36% were Candida tropicalis which is followed by candida albicans (24%), Candida glabrata (16%), Candida parapsilosis (12%), Candida krusei (8%) and Candida kefyr (4%).
Key Words:-Candida, Neonates, Non-albicans Candida.
Research article:-Community medicine
Samson S R Nallapu1*, and Bharani Krishna Y2,
1*MD, Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur District, AP State, India.
Abstract:- Background: Malaria in India has had much input in terms of control measures and public education. Hypertension (HTN) is a more recent public health problem. One may therefore expect better knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. Objectives: To look at KAP regarding two diverse diseases like HTN & Malaria both in urban slum and rural communities in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A cross sectional study using a pretested questionnaire regarding KAP concerning Malaria and HTN was conducted between August and October 2011. 100 urban slum households and 102 rural ones were selected by simple random sampling. Percentage frequencies and Chi-square tests were applied to analyze statistical significance. Results: Rural households continue to be situated in poorer ecological surroundings. KAP scores for HTN & Malaria, though poor in both rural and urban households, are significantly lower in the rural households. There is poorer attitude about malaria (p 0.00004) and inferior practice on hypertension (p 0.0000) in the rural households. Malaria is under reported in rural areas and health worker performance concerning malaria is also significantly substandard (p 0.00006). Conclusions: Constructive knowledge and attitude regarding malaria remains poor. A breakdown of public health systems at the beneficiary level both in urban and rural areas is apparent. As HTN is reaching alarming proportions even in rural areas there is a need to improve the quality and quantity of promotive and preventive health services in order to address real issues and to overcome indifferent and casual attitudes.
Keywords:- Attitude, Hypertension, KAP, Knowledge, Malaria, Practice.