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Research article:- Biochemistry
Yagana S. A., Sodipo O.A., Yagana K. and Modu S.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri – Nigeria.
Abstract:- The methanolic / aqueous, ethylacetate, n-butanol and residual extracts of the root of G. senegalensis were subjected to preliminary phytochemcial screening and in vitro antimicrobial tests. The extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides. Anthraquinones were not detected. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were assayed by the agar disc diffusion and nutrient broth dilution techniques. Test microorganisms were Streptococcus Pyogene, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimirium and Klebsiella penumoniae; all the organisms were laboratory isolates. The ethylacetate extract inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pyogene with a mean range of (16.86±0.32 t 20.03±0.55)mm at the concentrations used ranging from (200 – 1000) mg/ml, Staphylococcus with a mean range of (13.16±0.28 to 16.865.51) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a mean range of 10.03±14.86±0.32)mm. There was no inhibition by the ethylaceatte extract against Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimirium and Klebsiella Penumoniae. The results showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25mg/ml against Streptococcus Pyogene and Staphylococcus aureus while for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 100mg/ml. The minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) against S. Pyogene and S. aureus was 50mg/ml while that of P. aeruginosa was 100mg/ml. The methanolic / aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. pyogene with a mean range of (16.09 ± 0.50 to 22.83 ±0.28)mm, S. aureus was inhibited with a mean range of (15.0±0.50 to 21.83±0.28)mm P. aeruginosa was inhibited with a mean range of (9.0±0.50 to 16.0±0.05) mm and P. mirabilis was with a mean range of (12.0±0.50 to 18.0±0.05)mm. There was no inhibition exhibited by the methanolic / water extract against E. Coli, S. typhimirium and K. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. pyogene was 25mg/ml, for S. aureus was 50mg/ml and that of P. mirabilis and P. aerugonosa were 100mg/ml respectively. The minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) against S. Pyogene and S. aureus were 50mg/dl and that of P. mirabilis was 100mg/dl of P. aeruginosa was 200mg/dl. The n-butanol extract inhibited the growth of S. Pyogene, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with means ranging from (17.0±0.50 to 18.0±0.50, 18.0±0.50 to 19.0±0.50 and 8.0±0.50 to 17.0±0.50)mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of S. pyogene and S. aureus was 25mg/ml while that of P. aeruginosa was 100mg/ml. The (MBC) for both S. pyogene and S. aureus was 50mg/ml while that of P. aeruginosa was 200mg/ml. However, even the residual extract inhibited the growth of the test organisms with S. pyogene having mean ranging from (14.66±0.50 to 18.0±0.50)mm, S. aureus having (11.0±0.50 to 16.0±0.50)mm and P. mirabilis with mean ranging from (15.33±0.76 to 17.0±0.50)mm. The results of the (MIC) revealed that S. pyogene and P. mirabilis have (MIC) of 25mg/ml while that of S. aureus was 100mg/ml. The (MBC) for both S. pyogene and P. mirabilis was 50mg/ml while that of S. aureus was 100mg/ml. This study has justified the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of stomach discomfort, diarrhoea, dysentery and as a remedy for wound healing, boils and other infections whose causative agents are some of the organisms used in this study.
Key words:- Minimum inhibitory concentration, G. Senegalensis.
Research article:-Physiotherapy
J. Lavanya1*,P.Saraswathi2 , J.Vijayakumar3 and S. Prathap4.
1BPT ,M.Sc, tutor, ACS Medical college, Chennai, India 2MBBS, M.Sc., Ph.D., Head of department, 3M.Sc.,Ph.D., Professor, Dept of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India,4MPT,PhD., Associate professor, college of physiotherapy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Aim: To analyze the quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic traits in patients with breast cancer. Objective: To determine whether dermatoglyphics can represent a non-invasive anatomical marker of Breast Cancer. Methodology: 60 individuals are selected in two groups. GI–30 Female patients with diagnosed breast cancer. G II – 30 Normal Females (control group).The finger ridge patterns of both hands are photographed using digital camera and were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop editor by visual observation. Outcome Measure: Quantitative parameters: Finger ridge count, Total finger ridge count, A-B ridge count, palmar angle (AtD), and pattern intensity index. Qualitative parameters: % of subjects with ≥ 6 whorls, % of total number of whorls in all digits. Result: From the statistical analysis made, the data’s revealed statistically significant difference between both the groups. Quantitative parameters- Finger ridge count Rt (P = 0.0450) Lt (P = 0.0431), total finger ridge count (P = 0.0400), A-B ridge count Rt (P = 0.0015) Lt (P = 0.0003), palmar angle (AtD) Rt (P = 0.0208) Lt (P = 0.0365), pattern intensity index (P = 0.0464) and qualitative parameters - % of subjects with ≥ 6 whorls. (P = 0.0337), % of total number of whorls in all digits (P = 0.0124), which proves breast cancer patients exhibited significant changes in their dermatoglyphic patterns compared to normal. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a possible genetic influence on the digital ridge patterns in carcinoma of breast patients in whom the digital ridge patterns are otherwise significantly affected.
Key words:-Dermatoglyphics, breast cancer, dermal ridge patterns.
Case Report:-Cardiology
Ashwini Aithal P, MSc1., Naveen Kumar, MSc2*., Satheesha Nayak B, MSc, Ph.D3.
1,2,3 Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka State, India- 576104.
Abstract:-Background: The omohyoid muscle is one of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck. It has superior and inferior bellies and an intermediate tendon. Variations in the omohyoid muscle are quite rare. Main observations: We report a case where the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle was absent. Its inferior belly originated from the upper border of scapula near suprascapular notch and passed across the posterior triangle, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The muscle then blended with the fascia of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on its posterior surface. It was supplied by the ansa cervicalis. Due to the absence of the superior belly, division of the anterior triangle of the neck was incomplete. Conclusions: The omohyoid is important in radical neck dissections because it is the surgical landmark for level III and IV lymph node metastases. Thus, knowledge of anomalies of this muscle is important to minimize the complications during the surgical procedures of the cervical region.
Keywords:-Infrahyoid muscles, omohyoid muscle, absence of superior belly.
Research article:-Preventive and social medicine
Gandha Kapil M1*, Dhaduk Kishor M2 and Yadav Sudha B3
1,2Assistant Professor,3Professor and Head of the Department, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:-Back ground: Various levels of health care workers (post graduate students, medical officers, paramedical staffs, and field worker) are at risk of exposure to HIV virus in their day to day practice. Objective: to assess the knowledge related to post exposure prophylaxis in case of exposure to potentially infectious fluid or needle stick injuries. Materials and methods: interview with pre structured pre tested proforma. Results: Only 28.19% (N= 188) of the study subjects knew correctly that needle-stick injuries should be reported to the concerned authority. But only 20.74% of the study subjects had knowledge regarding time of initiation of PEP. 61% of the total study subjects were in favour of getting HIV testing done following needle-stick injuries. Conclusion:-KAP-gap has been observed among various levels of health care workers.
Key words:-HIV, AIDS, Needle Stick Injury, Fluid Exposure, Post Exposure Prophylaxis, Prevention.
Research article:-Community Medicine.
1*Gupta Sanjay Kumar MD, 2Varshney Atul MS, 3J. Thomas Mathew MD, DM,4 Gaur Neeraj ,5Anil J. Purty MD, DNB, 6Joy Bazroy MD
1*Associate Professor, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, 2Associate Professor Orthopedics, Peoples college of Medical sciences and Research Bhopal-India. 3Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, 5Professor, 6Associate Professor ,Department of Community Medicine Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Kalapet Pondicherry-14,India.
Abstract:- Introduction:-About 5% of all hospital admission in the USA are kidney problems related and this problem is comparatively higher in India. A relatively higher proportion of cases are either missed or present late with complication, in children 4% of cases were due to acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Objective:-To estimate the prevalence of renal diseases in the rural community. Methodology:-To study the prevalence of renal diseases in the rural community of Pondicherry. We were selected the rural area having a population of 13,256 under the Primary Health Centre (PHC, Katterikuppam). Result:–Of the 1140 individuals studied, the majority were found to be in the age group of 15-35 (51.5 percent). Two thirds of the individuals surveyed were females (65.6 percent). A family history of kidney disease was present only in 3.7 percent of cases. The most common symptom was dysuria (5.26 percent) followed by oedema (3.77 percent).4.71percent of individuals were found to have swelling of feet and 0.8 percent swelling of the face.23.34 percent of the people were found to have hypertension, 6.75 percent positive for urine sugar and 3.24 percent for urine albumin, 96.6 percent of them had no significant past history. Two ages peak were found regarding renal disease in study area, one between 25 – 35 years of age and second 56 years & above, significant correlation were found in hypertension & Proteinuria, renal diseases were significantly higher in diabetes mellitus group. Conclusion:-Of the 1140 individuals studied, the majority were found to be in the age group of 15-35 (51.5 percent), two thirds of the individuals surveyed were females (65.6 percent). Two ages peak were found regarding renal disease in study area, one between 25 – 35 years of age and second 56 years & above. Significant correlation were found in hypertension & proteinuria, renal diseases were significantly higher in diabetes mellitus group.
Key Words:- Renal disease, rural area, hypertension &glycosuria, family history.