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Research article:-
El-Aw1*, M. A. M.; K. A. A. Draz1; K. S. A. Eid1 and S. A. A. Awad2
1Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt.
2Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract:- Twenty antibiotics belong to ten antibiotic groups were evaluated in the present study to control of the American foulbrood disease of honey bees, Apis mellifera. Four isolates of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (P.l.l.1, P.l.l.2, P.l.l.3, and P.l.l.4) from different localities, which were found to be resistance to the traditional control methods, are used to determine their sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics, each at five different concentrations. The general average of commonly used antibiotic, Oxytetracycline, was used as a reference to calculate the relative efficiency (R.E.) percentage for identifying the most effective antibiotics, although it ranked the eighth order after seven effective antibiotics. Two of such seven antibiotics are compound antibiotics and the others are single. Sulfa-dimadine and Tylosine, ranked the order thirteen and fourteen with R.E. of 32.06 and 30.24 %, respectively. Doxycycline was the most effective antibiotic with 228.42 R.E. %. Chlortetracycline and Enrofloxacine occupied the second and third orders with 202.55 and 184.52 % R.E, respectively. The least effective antibiotic was Spectinomycine with 8.01 %R. E. P.l.l.3 isolate was the most sensitive isolate to the antibiotics. The inhibition zones of P.l.l.3 isolate recorded an average of 9.35 mm in diameter. The next isolate was P.l.l.4 with an average of 8.92 mm, followed by P.l.l.1 isolate with an average of 6.09 mm. P.l.l.2 isolate was the least sensitive one to all tested antibiotics with inhibition zone of 5.21 mm. Penicillin, Enrofloxacine, Chlortetracycline and the mixture of Tylosin/Doxycyclin were more effective on P.l.l.1 isolate than Oxytetracyclene. The most effective antibiotic was Penicillin with 202.55 % R.E. followed by both Doxycycline and Rifampicin with R.E of 144.26 and 142.81 %, respectively. The mixture of Tylosin/Doxycyclin recorded 115.12 % R.E. Doxycycline, Chlortetracycline, Rifampicin and Penicillin/Streptomycin were found to be more effective on P.l.l.2 isolate than Oxytetracyclene with 176.32, 159.56, 123.86 and 133.33 % R.E, respectively. Penicillin and Streptomycin recorded 0 % R.E when tasted alone, while the mixture of Penicillin/Streptomycin recorded 133.33 % R.E. indicating a strong synergism between the two antibiotics when mixed together. In contrast, there was an antagonistic effect of the mixture of Doxycycline and Tylosin. The most effective antibiotic against P.l.l.3 isolate was Doxycycline with 298.72 % R.E. followed by Enrofluxacine and Chlortetracycline with 282.70 and 263.57 % R.E. respectively. There was an antagonistic effect of Lincomycin/Spectinomycin when mixed together. The most effective compound antibiotic was Tylosin/Doxycyclin. The most effective antibiotic against P.l.l.4 isolate was Doxycycline with a higher R.E. of 294.35 % followed by Enrofluxacine with of 281.97 % R.E. and Chlortetracycline with 258.65 % R.E.
Key words:- Honey bee, Apis mellifera, American Foulbrood, control, antibiotics.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 El-Aw et al., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Case report:- Oral medicine and radiology.
Shekhar Kapoor1*, Kumud Mittal2, Bhushan Sharma3 & Kirat Anand4
1MDS, Senior Lecturer,4BDS, Demonstrator, Department of oral medicine and radiology,3MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of oral pathology and microbiology, Christian Dental College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab,India.
2MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sarabha Dental College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab,India.
Abstract:- Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a diverse collection of inherited diseases that exhibit quantitative or qualitative tooth enamel defects in the absence of systemic manifestations. Also known by varied names such as hereditary enamel dysplasia, Hereditary brown enamel, Hereditary brown opalescent teeth. This defect is entirely ectodermal, since mesodermal components of the teeth are basically normal. The AI trait can be transmitted by either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked modes of inheritance. It is necessary to diagnose the case and provide durable functional and esthetic management of these patients, where the unaesthetic appearance has a definite negative psychological impact. Key words:- Amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel, genetic, brown.
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wford PJM, Aldred M, Bloch-Zupan A. Amelogenesis imperfecta. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007; 2(1):17-22.
Copyright © 2013 Shekhar Kapoor et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Potluri. Sushmitha1*, M.Lakshmi Narasu2 & M.V.Suryanarayana1
1Mylan Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru technological university, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-5000 072, India.
Abstract:-
A new, simple chiral HPLC method was developed for the enantiomeric separation of 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl) ethyl acetate, and 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl ethanol) (enzymatically synthesized key intermediate for Rivastigmine tartarate). Good resolution viz. Rs > 3.5 between R-and S-forms of 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl) ethyl acetate, and 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl ethanol) was achieved with Chiralcel OD-H (250x4.6 mm;5.0µm) column using n-Hexane, Isopropyl alcohol and Trifluoro acetic acid in the ratio of 95:05:0.2 %v/v/v as mobile phase at 30°C. Flow rate was kept as 1.0 mL/min and elution was monitored at 220 nm. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity.
Key words: Chiral HPLC, Validation, 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl acetate, 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl ethanol).
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Copyright © 2013 Potluri. Sushmitha,M.Lakshmi narasu & M.V.Suryanarayana. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Physiotherapy
Jeganathan. A.1*, Suresh Kumar. T.2 ,Leo Rathinaraj. A.S3 & Nanthini Subbiah4.
1Associate Professor, MAEER’s Physiotherapy College, Talegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India. 2Assistant Professor, 3Professor Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy, Latur, Maharashtra, India. 4Reader, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India.
Abstract:- Objective:- To compare the effectiveness of ACU treatments with analgesic alone in lateral ligament injured in ankle. Introduction:- The ankle joint is fairly unstable and largely depends on ligaments for its stability. Therefore it is highly susceptible for sprain. The sprains are a tearing of ligaments that connect bones and involve outer ligaments that support the ankle joint. The ankle sprains are two types’ pronation or eversion type and supination or inversion type. The most common mechanism of ankle sprain is inward twisting of the ankle. Generally it occurs in activities like running and jumping. In football and basketball the inversion sprain occurs when the player lands on other player’s foot. Supination type is a common capsule-ligamentous injury reported to be present in about 85% of all the ankle sprains. The injury occurs as a result of sudden adduction-inversion force on the ankle. The anterior and lateral ligaments are involved in these types of sprain. Materials & Methodology:- the sample of 30 subjects with lateral ligament injury who divided into two groups with 15 in each group. The experimental group exclusively treated with ACU treatment. The control group patients treated with analgesic only .The Materials used were, Table, inch tape and a chair ,Pain scale and swelling scale. Procedure: 30 subjects were selected with random sampling method and subjects were screened with inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The subjects are divided into two groups. Group A given with ACU treatment and group B given with analgesic only. The patients are assessed with pain scale and swelling scale pre and post study. Result & Conclusion:- In this study In ACU treatment, pre treatment pain score was 60 % in 0,40% in 1.after treatment 60% with the score 5, 33.3% with the score of 4, and 6.6% with the score 2. In 1st and 2nd degree ankle lateral ligament injury, treatment with analgesic, conservative and ultrasound (ACU) is found to be more effective in reducing pain and swelling.
Key words:- Ankle sprain, Pain, Swelling, Analgesics, Ultrasound, Lateral ligament injury.
Copyright © 2013 Jeganathan. A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.