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Research article:- Pediatrics
Basavaraj M Patil1*, Sandeep V H2, Harish G3, Venaktesh M Patil4 & Vijayanath.V5
1Associate professor,2Assistant professor,3Resident, Dept of pediatrics, M R medical college, Gulbarga, Karnataka,India.
4Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka,India.
5Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital,Salem, Tamil Nadu,India.
Abstract:- In the present generation it has been established that newborns exposed to mother’s HIV infection have a higher mortality rate than those not exposed. At the same time, some authors have shown that prematurity and low birth weight were considerably associated to morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period as well as in the first year of life. In the present study, 50 HIV seropositive women delivered newborns were considered and followed prospectively and studied the consequences of neonatal outcome in HIV positive mother in terms of mortality, morbidity and somatic growth pattern. The focus of this study is to know the demographic characteristics, load of HIV transmission from mother to child, increase the effectiveness of preventive aspects of HIV regarding mother to child transmission and also to know the neonatal outcome and complications associated. In the present study it was observed that 48% of the seropositive mothers were in the age group of 21 to 25 years most of them were illiterates and housewives.
Keywords:- Infection; Mother; Child; Transmission.
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2.Newell ML, Branhmbhatt H, Ghys P. Child mortality and HIV infection in Africa: a review. AIDS. 2004 Jun;18 Suppl 2:S27-34.
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9.Stratton el al. (1989-1994) Obstetric K& Newborn Outcomes in a cohort of HIV- infected pregnant women: A Report of the women & Infants Transmission study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency syndromes & I Iuman Retrovirology. 1999 Feb 1 ;20(2): 179-86.
10.Goldstein PJ, Smit R, Stevens M, Sever JL. Association between HIV in pregnancy and antiretroviral therapy, including protease inhibitors and low birth weight infants. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2000; 8: 94-8.
11.Martin et al. Incidence of Premature birth & Neonatal respiratory disease in infants of HIV-positive mothers. Journal of Pediatrics. 1997 Dec; 131 (6):851 -6.
12.Dreyfuss ML, Msamanga GI, Spiegelman D, et al. Determinants of low birth weight among HIVinfected pregnant women in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 814-26.
13.Minkoff H, Nanda D, Menez R, Fikrig S. Pregnancies resulting in infants with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS related complex. Obstet Gynecol, 1987, 69:285.
14.Brocklehurst P, French R. The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1998, 105:839-48.
15.RW Ryder, W Nsa, SE Hassig, F Behetset al: Perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to infants of seropositive woman in Zaire: New England Journal of Medicine Volume 320:1637-42.
16.K. K. Jain, R. K. Mahajan, M. Shevkani and P. Kumar, “Early Infant Diagnosis: A New Tool of HIV Diagnosis in Children,” Journal of Community Medicine 36(2); 2011: 139-42 .
17. Rosemary Spira, Philippe Lepage, Philippe Msellati et al: Natural History of Human Immunodefiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Children: A Five-Year Prospective Study in Rwanda: Journal of American Academy of Pediatrics 104 No. 5 November 1999, p. e56.
18.Miriam Adhikari, Shuaib Kauchali and Anitha Moodley: Clinical Profile and Morbidity Pattern of Infants Born to HIV Infected Mothers in Durban South Africa: Indian Pediatrics 2006;43:804-8.
19.Minkoff H, Nanda D, Menez R, Fikrig S. Pregnancies resulting in infants with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS related complex. Obstet Gynecol, 1987, 69:285.
20.Dreyfuss ML, Msamanga GI, Spiegelman D, et al. Determinants of low birth weight among HIVinfected pregnant women in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 814-26.
Copyright © 2013 Basavaraj M Patil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
T Mathew * *School Of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia, 57000.
Abstract:- Introduction: Functional appliance is an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. A 12-month mandibular advancement protocol with Twin Block appliance has been proved to enhance the condylar growth and to improve the mandibular retrognathism. Objective: The case report documented the treatment of a 12- year- old girl with skeletal class II malocclusion with over jet of 8mm, 100% Deep bite and Angle Class II molar, Class II canine and Class II incisor relationship. Method: The phase I Orthopedic stage treatment was done using Twin Block appliance for 12 months with mandibular advancement of 8mm including trimming of inter-occlusal bite plane of the Twin Block to facilitate the eruption of Mandibular molars. This was followed by a phase II Pre-adjusted Edgewise appliance therapy for finishing and detailing. Result: The treatment objective of normal overjet and overbite, skeletal class I by growth modification, class I molar relation, class I canine relation, class I incisor relation and lip competency were achieved. Conclusion: A stable harmonious occlusion was achieved after 20 months of treatment.
Key Words:- Functional appliances. Angle Class II malocclusion. Pre-adjusted Edgewise appliance.
References:-
1. McÑamara J A. Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. Angle Orthod. 1981; 51:177-202.
2. Graber T M, Rakosi T, Petrovic A. Dento-facial Orthopedics with Functional Appliances. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1997:346-52.
3. Hägg U, Taranger J. Maturation indicators and the pubertal growth spurt. Am J Orthod. 1982;82(4):299-309.
4. Baccetti T, Franchi L, James A, McNamara JA Jr. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopaedic. Semin Orthod. 2004;11:119-29.
5. Khal HA, Wong RW, Rabie AB. Elimination of hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment in children needing orthodontic therapy. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(3):195-200. Epub 2007 Oct 3.
6. Hägg U, Pancherz H. Dentofacial orthopaedics in relation to chronological age, growth period and skeletal development. An analysis of 72 male patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with the Herbst appliance. Eur J Orthod. 1988;10(1):169-76.
7. Bakr A, Rabie AB, Al-Kalaly A. Does the degree of advancement during functional appliance therapy matter? Eur J Orthod. 2008;30(3):274-82.
8. Hägg U, Rabie AB, Bendeus M, Wong RW, Wey MC, Du X, et al. Condylar growth and mandibular positioning with stepwise vs maximum advancement. Am J Orthod.
9. Larry C F L, Ricky W K W. Management of severe Class II malocclusion with sequential removable functional and orthodontic appliances: A case for MOrthRCSEd examination Dental Press J Orthod 46.e1 2011 Sept-Oct;16(5):46e.1-11.
10.Shen G, Hagg U, Darendeliler M. Skeletal effects of bite jumping therapy on the mandible— removable vs. fixed functional appliances. Orthod Craniofac Res 2005;8:2-10.
11. Patel HP, Moseley HC, Noar JH. Cephalometric determinants of successful functional appliance therapy. Angle Orthod. 2002;72: 410-17.
Copyright © 2013 Mathew T. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:- Community Medicine
Khan Mohd H1*, Khalique N2 & Khan R3.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine,Rohilkhand Medical College Bareilly, UP, India.
2Professor, Department of Community Medicine, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh, U.P,India.
3Associate Professor, Department of periodontology & implantology, IDS Bareilly U.P,India.
Abstract: Background: Newborn thermal care is a critical and essential component of essential newborn care; however, hypothermia continues to remain under-documented, under organized and under managed. Objective: 1. To assesses knowledge and practices of pregnant women to prevent hypothermia. 2. To assesses knowledge of pregnant women regarding signs for intervention and its management in hypothermic newborns. Study design: A community based study. Setting: Field practice areas of Urban Health Training Center Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh. Study period: one year. Participants: 200 pregnant women Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Statistical Analysis: Data analysed with Epi Info version 3.5.1. Percentages, and Chi Square Test used. Results: 100% newborns were wiped dry immediately and were given bath within 6 hours of birth. Rooming-in was practiced by 98.9% mothers. 45.4% deliveries were conducted in warm room. Abnormal temperature of baby was checked by 93% of mothers after birth. Only 25 % mothers had correct knowledge about cold extremities. 24.5% mothers had knowledge about cold abdomen and 9.5% mothers regarding blue extremities. Only 33.5% of mothers had knowledge of skin-to- skin contact. Breastfeeding during transportation was done by 47% mothers. 85% mothers had knowledge about stabilization of temperature of baby during transportation to hospital. Conclusion: There was a poor knowledge and practices among pregnant women regarding hypothermia, in periurban area of Aligarh.
Keywords:- Blue extremities, Cold extremities, Cold abdomen, Skin-to- skin contact,
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Khan Mohd H et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Physiotherapy
J.John arockia Vijay1* , Jagatheesan Alagesan2 & Vishnu Bhutia3.
1PhD Scholar, CMJ University, Shillong, India. 2Associate Professor, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. 3Professor & PhD Guide, CMJ University, Shillong, India.
Abstract:- Background and Purpose: Diabetic stroke patients have a higher mortality rate than stroke patients without Diabetes Mellitus. This is not only significantly increases the risk of stroke, but also is a predictor of reduced survival following stroke. Diabetes Mellitus may affect the rate of recovery of neurologic function following a stroke. Treadmill exercise training increases insulin sensitivity in diabetic stroke patients. This study is an attempt to reduce the fasting and post prandial blood glucose level by treadmill exercise training on diabetic stroke patients. Methods: 30 subjects with diabetic hemi paresis in the age of 45-60 years are included in the study. All subjects underwent 6 weeks of treadmill walking for 60 minutes twice daily. Quality of life index questionnaire score, fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels measured by glucometer on first day before treatment and at the end of 6 weeks of treatment are analyzed. Results: The data are analyzed by paired t test with level of significance at 0.05. The Mean ± SD for Fasting blood glucose is 180.83 ± 38.01 and 133.16 ± 23.83 for before and after intervention with p value less than 0.001. The Mean ± SD for Post prandial blood glucose level is 357.80 ± 53.02 and 226.50 ± 37.16 for before and after intervention with p value less than 0.001. The Mean ± SD for Diabetic quality of life score is 247.73 ± 54.83 and 379.16 ± 47.58 before and after intervention with p value equal to 0.001. Conclusion: This study finding suggests that treadmill training is effective for reducing the high blood glucose level and improving the quality of life in diabetic stroke individuals.
Key Words:- Diabetic stroke, Treadmill training, Insulin resistance, Quality of life.
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Copyright © 2013 J.John arockia Vijay, Jagatheesan Alagesan & Vishnu Bhutia. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:- Pathology
Amrit Kaur Kaler1*, Raja Parthiban2, Madhusmitha Jena3, Gandhi N3 & Shantha B4 1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, Shantha, IInd year, Post graduate of Pathology, MVJMC & RH, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:- The α-thalassemias are the most common inherited disorders of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis due to deletions or point mutations affecting 1 or more α-globin genes leading to decreased or absent α-globin chain synthesis. The α thalassemias involve the genes HBA1 and HBA2 located on chromosome 16(16p13.3) and inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. The normal complement of four functional alpha-globin genes may be decreased by 1, 2, 3 or all 4 copies of the genes, explaining the clinical variation and increasing severity of the disease. Compound heterozygotes and some homozygotes have a moderate to severe form of α thalassaemia called HbH disease. Patients with non-deletional types of HbH disease are more severely affected than those with the common deletional types of HbH disease. It can also be acquired, under rare circumstances. Due to the low occurrence of α -thalassemia, the disease can be mistaken for iron deficiency anemia.
Key words:- Haemoglobin H disease, Alpha Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia.
References:-
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2.Higgs DR and Bowden DK. Clinical and laboratory features of the a-thalassemia. In: Disorders of Haemoglobin; Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management (ed. by MH. Steimberg, BG. Forget, DR. Higgs & RL. Nagel) 2001; pp. 431- 69. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK..
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Copyright © 2013 Kaler et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.