DocumentsDate added
Research article
*1Aremu.Ademola Adegoke ,2Atanda Oluseyi Olaboyede & 3Adeomi. Adeleye Abiodun
Affiliation:-
1Radiology Department,2Obstetrics and Gynaecology,3Community Medicine Department, Ladoke Akintola University of technology teaching hospital, Ogbomoso.Oyo state. Nigeria.
Abstract:
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of the birth weights of newborns by ultrasound measurement of placental thickness, to assess the relationship between ultrasound placental thickness with weight and volume of placental after delivery and relate (the weight and volume) to the birth weight.
Method: A cross sectional study of three hundred consecutive singleton pregnancies that were scanned between 36weeks gestation and delivery.
The placental thickness measured prenatally with Ultrasound was then compared and related with/to physical measurements of placental weight, volume and birth weight at delivery.
Results: 2D prenatal ultrasound measurement of placental thickness is a true reflection of the actual placental weight and volume and a positive predictor of the birth weight. A thickness less than 20mm is statistically associated with low birth weight.
Conclusion: Ultrasonic assessment of placental thickness and grading can accurately predict the actual placental weight and volume and also predict subsequent occurrence of fetal growth retardation and low birth weight infants.
Key Words: Placental thickness, placental weight, placental volume, Birth weight.
Article citation:-
Aremu Ademola Adegoke ,Atanda Oluseyi Olaboyede & Adeomi Adeleye Abiodun. Newborn birth weight and placental parameters in normal human pregnancies. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 May (Supplement 1); 30(30): S23-S27.
Copyright © 2013 Aremu Ademola Adegoke ,Atanda Oluseyi Olaboyede & Adeomi Adeleye Abiodun This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Fadya Y. Al-Hamdani*
Affiliation:-
*Lecturer, College of pharmacy, Baghdad university, Ba-almoadham,P.O.Box14026, Iraq.
Abstract:
Community pharmacist is an only health care professional who will interact with several individuals each day and can make successful efforts to educate the patients and guide him about the disease, drugs and lifestyle modification.
Aims: To evaluate the professional role of the community pharmacist and general practitioner during the dispensing process on issues other than the legality or simple clarification of the prescription.
Methodology: Thirty (30) community pharmacists from three adjacent localities completed details of each community pharmacy, during the dispensing of a prescription, the following data were observed: Brief pharmacy details, the prescribed drug therapy, the way and manner of the pharmacist, the outcome and the time taken, category of the drug involved and the time taken and other certain roles. A questionnaire paper was distributed to these pharmacists filled up by them while making a semi structured interview with them to assess their commitment to the basic roles. These assessments were ranked between 10% and 100%.
Results and discussion: The results were established as a mean scores that were excellent regarding some roles and other were bad comparable to ideal roles submitted by many authorized committees or administrations mentioned in this project.
Conclusion and recommendation: Clinical pharmacy provided by a community pharmacist during the dispensing process has the potential to provide a valuable contribution, but needs a further commitment from the pharmacist to enhance the health care.
Key words: Community pharmacist; clinical pharmacy; pharmacy; prescription drugs.
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Conflict of interest: - Author has not declared any conflict of interest.
Source of funding: - None.
*Correspondence address:
Fadya Y. Al-Hamdani.,
Lecturer,
College of pharmacy, Baghdad University, Ba-almoadham, P.O.Box14026, Iraq.
Copyright © 2013 Fadya Y. Al-Hamdani. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Mohaned M. Mohammed, 2 Sania A. I. Shaddad, 3Abd Elkhalig Mudathir, 4Elsharif B.A & 5A. Afaf E. Abu Algasem
Affiliation:-
1Pharmacology Lecturer, AlNeelain University & Elrazi College for Medical and Technological Sciences, Sudan.
2Associate professor of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Algassar street, Khartoum, Sudan.
3Associate professor of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Algassar street, Khartoum, Sudan.
4Assistant Professor of Artificial insemination, Animal Genetic Resources Development Administration (Kuku, Khartoum North),Sudan.
5Proffesor of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, University of Khartoum, Algassar street,, Khartoum, Sudan.
Abstract:
Introduction: Tribulus terrestris is a member of the Zygophyllaceae family. It is widely distributed in Africa, western Asia, China, Japan, Korea and Europe.
Tribulus terrestris is used in the folk medicine of India, China, Bulgaria and South Africa against sexual impotence, edemas, abdominal distention and cardiovascular diseases. It has been used since ancient times as an aphrodisiac as well as to treat urinary infections, inflammation, and other ailments. It also exhibits anthelmintic activity.
Tribulus terrestris may be useful in mild to moderate cases of erectile dysfunction . It has been shown to increase the free serum testosterone.
Objectives: Evaluation of the phytochemical screening of Tribulus terrestris extract, study the effects of the extract on serum testosterone level and semen quality.
Material and Methods: Extraction of Tribulus terrestris fruits was carried out according to standard method. Two different groups of adult male rats and two of cocks were used. Group1 rats and cocks served as control, while group 2 received Tribulus terrestris (TT) crude extract 7.5 mg\kg\day orally. Total serum testosterone was measured in rats before, after two and four weeks of treatment. Cocks semen was collected by dorso-abdominal massage (standard method) and evaluated before treatment, after two and four weeks of treatment.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of Tribulus terrestris fruits ethanolic extract showed the presence of high concentrations of coumarins and flavonoids, various concentrations of tannins, triterpenses and saponins and absence of anthraquinone glycoside compounds, alkaloids and sterols.
Tribulus terrestris fruits ethanolic extract insignificantly (p > 0.05) increased serum testosterone concentration in the treated rats and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the sperm concentration in cocks, also insignificantly (p > 0.05) increased both mass and individual sperm motility of the treated cocks. Histopathological examination of the rat’s testes treated with Tribulus terrestris fruit ethanolic extract showed marked activity of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules.
Conclusion: The study showed that Tribulus terrestris fruits extract can improve male fertility by increasing the sperms concentration, testosterone concentration and stimulating the mass and individual motility of the sperms.
Key Words: Tribulus terrestris; Fertility; Rats;Cocks.
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Article citation:
Mohaned. M. M et al. Effects of Tribulus terrestris ethanolic extract in male rats & cocks fertility. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 May (Supplement 1); 30(30): S13-S18.
Copyright © 2013 M.M.Mohaned et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
1SANNI, Momoh, *1EJEMBI, Daniel, 2EMMANUEL, T. Friday,
1ABBAH, Okpachi C &1 OGALA, Emmanuel
Affiliation:-
1Department of biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
2Department of medical biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
Author’s contributions-All authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
The effects of chronic administration of Indomie instant noodles on the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of rat kidney was investigated. Fourty-eight (48) rats (both males and females) of average weight 210g were divided into seven groups. Each group consists of three (3) rats each, except for the control, which consists six (6) rats (i.e both the males and the females).The rats in group I, for both sex, were administered cooked indomie spiced with the seasoning, group II, were given raw indomie spiced with the seasoning, group III, were given both the cooked and raw indomie mixed together and spiced with the seasoning, group IV, were given cooked indomie without the seasoning, group V, were given raw indomie without the seasoning, group VI, were given both the cooked and raw indomie, mixed together, without the seasoning and, group VII, which served as the control, were given the normal fowl formulation feed. The administration was carried out for a period of four (4) weeks, the result showed that, there was a decrease in kidney activity of the enzyme.
Key words: Indomie instant noodles; Alkaline phosphatase.
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Article citation:-
Sanni et al. Effects of chronic administration of indomie noodles on the activity of alanine aminotransferase of rat kidney. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 May(Supplement 1);30(30): S65-S71.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Sanni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Edet, E. E.*, Adewuni Daniel & Uti, D. E.,
Affiliation:-
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P. M. B.1115, Calabar – Nigeria.
Abstract:
The potential neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects following oral administration of ethanolic leaf extract of anacardium occidentale (cashew) were investigated in Wistar albino rats. Twenty (20) male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-160g were divided into five groups of four rats each. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were respectively gavaged with 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weights of the extract daily for 21 days while group 1 and 5 served as pre and post controls respectively. At the end of treatments, animals were sacrificed; brain and kidney tissues were obtained. The tissues were histologically processed and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin technique. Stained tissues sections were examined microscopically using a light bionocular microscope. The results show that treatment of rats with the respective doses of the extract did not cause any visible degenerative change in the brain and kidney in all test groups. The brain and kidney architectures were well preserved in all the treatments groups. This result suggests that ingestion of the extract is non-toxic to the brain and kidney at the doses investigated.
Key Words: Anacardium occidentale leaves, brain, kidney, histoarchitecture, ethanolic extract, rat.
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Article citation:-
Edet, E. E, Adewuni, D. & Uti, D. E. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale on histoarchitecture of brain and kidney. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, May (Supplement 1); 30(30): S31-S35.Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Edet, E. E, Adewuni, D & Uti, D. E. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.