DocumentsDate added
Research article
Shenoy Poornima1, Hemavathi1,*, Sarmah Pooja1,¥,R Sharvani1,¥
Affiliation:-
1Professor, Department of Microbiology,1,* Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, 1,¥Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore-90,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore-90,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Hemavathi,
Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Chikkasandra, Hesarghatta Main Road, Bangalore-560090,India
Article citation:
Poornima S, Hemavathi,Pooja S, Sharvani R. Current trend in transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors: a three year retrospective study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):914-919. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The problem of Transfusion Transmitted Infections is proportional to the prevalence of the infections in the blood donors, so it is mandatory to screen Hepatitis B and C, HIV, syphilis and malaria. As the focus of this year’s World Blood Donor Day campaign is "Safe blood for saving mothers”, a cross sectional retrospective study was undertaken to determine the sero-prevalence of the above diseases among the voluntary and replacement donors and to correlate the findings with age and sex.
Materials & Methods: Data was collected from the hospital blood bank records and was analyzed. A total of 8688 units of blood were tested for HIV (p24 antigen and HIV 1 & 2 antibodies by 4th generation ELISA), HBV and HCV (ELISA), syphilis by RPR test confirmed by TPHA and malaria by immunochromatographic test.
Results: Out of a total of 8688 units of blood tested, 6968 (80.20%) were from replacement & 1720 (19.20%) were from voluntary donors; with a preponderance of males (97.79%) to females (2.21%). Overall sero-prevalence was 0.37%, 0.94% and 0.37% for HIV, HBV and HCV respectively; 0.12% were reactive for syphilis. Two (0.02%) units showed dual infection with HIV and HCV. There was an increased prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among replacement donors compared to the voluntary donors. None of the samples were positive for malaria.
Conclusions: Strict criteria for donor selection, health education coupled with sensitive screening tests are the possibilities of reducing Transfusion Transmitted Infections.
KEYWORDS: Age; Replacement donors; Sex; Transfusion transmitted infections; Voluntary donors.
REFERENCES
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blood donors: an Indian experience. Tropical Doctor:39(3):152-154/
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Poornima S,Hemavathi,Pooja S,Sharvani R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Mark K. Njogu1 (MSc), Josphat C. Matasyoh1,* (PhD), Alfred C. Kibor2 (PhD)
Affiliation:-
1Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
2Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
2.Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
Address reprint requests to
Mark K. Njogu (MSc),
Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
Contact no: +254-722-871-521
Article citation: Njogu MK, Matasyoh JC, Kibor AC. Chemical composition and antihelmintic activity of Teclea nobilis essential oil against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):880-886. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Helminthosis, a neglected tropical disease, is a serious health problem. In sub-Saharan Africa, schistosomiasis has very high morbidity thus being a major contributor to helminthosis. Praziquantel being the only drug of choice and the recent development of resistance reports has triggered intense research efforts towards natural products such as essential oils because of their efficacy and safety. In this study, chemical composition and miracidicidal activity of T. nobilis essential oil against S. mansoni were evaluated. The oil was extracted by hydro-distillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus, analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and determined to be majorly constituted of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes which had concentrations of 42.21 % and 33.09 % respectively. The major monoterpenes were β-ocimene (10.15 %) and γ-terpinene (6.11 %) while major sesquiterpenes were β-cadinene (4.98 %) and 1,6-germacradien-5-ol (4.38 %). The mortalities of the miracidia were determined after 30 minutes and the oil showed lethal effects with LC50 and LC90 values of 196.29 and 367.24 ppm respectively. These findings show that T. nobilis essential oil contains antihelmintic compounds which could be useful as lead compounds for the development of schistosomicides. Also, the discovery of plant compounds that may control schistosomiasis and other helminthic infections could be of great value.
KEYWORDS: Teclea nobilis; Schistosoma mansoni; essential oil and miracidicidal activity.
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12.Abozeid K, Shohayed M, Al-Sharkawi A. In vitro tests for efficacy of tannins extracted from pomegranate (Punica granatum) against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. J. Agric. Vet. Sci. 2007;13(1):55-56.
13.Al-Rehaily AJ. Chemical and biological evaluation of essential oil of Teclea nobilis leaf. Pak J Biol Sci. 2001;4(2):166-168.
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20.Macedo IF, Bevilaqua C, de Oliveira MB, Camurca-Vasconcelos AF, Vieira SL, Oliveira FR, et al. Anthelmintic effect of Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil against goat gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet. Parasitol. 2010;173(1-2): 93-98.
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24.Singh TU, Kumar D, Tandan SK, Mishra SK. Inhibitory effect of essential oils ofAllium sativum and Piper longum on spontaneous muscular activity of liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica. Exp. Parasitol. 2009;123(4):302-308.
25.André LL, Geovana PG, Wilson RC,, Milton G, Raquel AS, Vanderlei R, et al. Chemical composition, antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia grown in Southeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2013;23:877-884.
Source of support: Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Njogu MK, Matasyoh JC, Kibor AC. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Barnabas,B.B1,*. M. Sc.; Gana, J1. M. Sc..; Daniel, A.A1. M. Sc.; Gbate, M1. M. Sc.
and Akanbi, Y.N.T2.HND
Affiliation:-
1lecturer,Science Laboratory Technology Department, 2Technologist, Chemical Engineering Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 55, Bida, Niger State Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Address reprint requests to
BARNABAS, B. B
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Article citation:
Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. Antihelminthic Study of A Local Medicinal Plant(Canarium Shweifurthii) On Infected Rabbits. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2014;04(10):856-860. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Anti helminthic activity of local medicinal plant - Canarium schweinfurthii were studied on infected rabbits for a period of 12 weeks.
Aim: The increasing complexity in synthetic manufactured drugs manufacture and worldwide toxicity associated with these drugs and the relative tolerance as well as the demand for natural products has justified the need for the study on Canarium schwenfurthii. Materials and Method: Rabbits weighing 800g averagely were infected with Ascaris ova and divided into groups, A, B, C, D and E that served as the positive control-(no infection). Groups A, B, and C were each treated with crude ethanolic extract of bark, root, leaves of Canarium schweinfurthii respectively, while group D, was treated with a patented drug ketrax. Stool microscopy that included count of Ascaris ova, weight monitoring and haematological test were carried out on the infected rabbits.
The different parts of the plant were percolated in absolute ethanol and left for 7 days in a foil-corked conical flasks and each shaken intermittently together. After the 7 days of percolation, the mixtures were filtered paper separately. Results: The results showed that the bark, fruit and leaves had 98%, 95% and 98% deparasitization as against 99% deparasitization effect for ketrax. The percentage deparasitization of the extract was not statistically significant P>0.05. The haematological test indicates an increase in absolute eosinopil count during the active phase of the parasite infection. The body weight of the animals also increased consistently as treatment with the extracts and the patented drug were administered. Conclusion: The extracts compared favourably in its antihelminthic activity with the patented drug - ketrax and thus could serve as an alternative to ketrax in the treatment of Ascaris infection. However, since the toxicity of the extracts was not part of this current study; there is need for further study on the possible drug – host interactions and possible toxicity on the mammalian host.
KEYWORDS: Canarium schweinfurthii; Anti helminthic activity; medicinal plant.
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11.Kan. S.P, Guyatt, H. C. and Bundy, D.A.P. (1989). Geohelminth infection of children from rural plantation and urban slums in Malaysia, Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83,817-820.
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Copyright © 2014 Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sangita Chauhan1,*, M. L. Suhalka1,¥, Manjinder Kaur1,£
Affiliation:-
1M.D. Student,1,¥HOD,1,£Professor,Department of Physiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Physiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Sangita Chauhan
Department of Physiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.),India
Article citation:
Chauhan S, Suhalka ML, Kaur Ml. A study of relationship between seminal fructose & infertility in man. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):926-929. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Fructose is secreted by the seminal vesicles which is the main source of energy and is responsible for the motility of the sperms. Lower level of seminal fructose has been observed in hypofunction of the seminal vesicles and has been a cause related to infertility in males.
Objectives: To find out relationship between seminal fructose concentration and sperm counts. Semen of 120 men having no disturbances in the seminal vesicular function were investigated.
Material and Methods: Semen was collected from normozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic men. Collection of Seminal fluid and its analysis was done using the WHO standards.
Results: 120 subjects were studied, out of which 20 were azoospermic, 50 were oligozoospermic and 50 were normozoospermic. Their ages ranged from 25-55 years. Estimation of sperm count and semen Fructose levels was done. The range of seminal fructose was determined and was correlated with the sperm concentration by Pearson correlation .By this study it was concluded that there is a correlation between seminal fructose and sperm concentration.
Conclusion: Seminal fructose could be used as important marker in testing infertility cases.
KEYWORDS: Seminal Fructose; Infertility; Sperm Concentration.
REFERENCES
1.Schirren C. Textbook of practical Andrology. Schireng A, G.Hamburg Germany. 1983 Pp.17–31..
2.Mann T. The Biochemistry of semen and of the male reproductive tract New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Ipc; (1964).
3.Gonzales GF. Corrected seminal Fructose test Arc androl. (1994); 33:17-22 (Medline).
4.WHO Laboratory Manual for Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical MucusInteraction.4ed. Madrid. Medica Panamericana 2001. P. 35.
5.Biswas, S. Ferguson, K.M, Stendronska J, Baffoe G: Fructose Hormone Levels in semen: their Correlation with sperm counts & motility.Fertil Steril, 30:200 (1978).
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Chauhan S,Suhalka ML,Kaur M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Roohi sharma1,*, Rani Walia1, Shafiqa Aslam1, Parveen Gupta2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
2Department of Medicine, Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
2.Department of Medicine, Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
Roohi Sharma.
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Article citation:
Sharma R, Walia R, Aslam S,Gupta P. A comparative study of rheumatoid arthritis management with combination of methotrexate with hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine with hydroxychloroquine. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):898-903. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease, has as its primary target the synovial tissues. Increased stiffness early in the morning is often a prominent feature of the disease and typically lasts for more than an hour. When the disease is unchecked, it leads to substantial disability, which can make even simple tasks such as writing difficult, because joint damage can get worse, even when pain and swelling are relieved.
Objectives: To Compare the efficacy and safety of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Research Design & Methods: Sixty(60) patients were included in this prospective, randomized, single blind comparative study and were divided into two groups. First group (Group A) consisted of thirty(30) patients that treated with MTX 7.5 mg once a week and HCQ 200 mg OD. The second group (Group B) consisted of thirty (30) patients were given SSZ 500 mg twice a day and HCQ 200 mg once daily. Assessment of efficacy of drug therapy was done via Clinical parameter which included Visual Analogue Scale and laboratory parameter comprised of ESR, LFTs & RFTs.
Results: There was a significant reduction in VAS in Group A as compared to Group B. There was a reduction in ESR levels in the both groups. No clinical noteworthy hematological and renal abnormalities were noted during treatment.
Conclusion: Methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine combination is more efficacious and equally safe and tolerable, like sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine thus suggestive of better quality of life in patients suffering from RA.
KEYWORDS: Rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate; hydroxychloroquine; sulfasalazine; visual analogue scale; erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Sharma R, Walia R, Aslam S, Gupta P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.