March 2015;05(10) issue of the J Pharm Biomed Sci.
DocumentsDate added
Original article
Manisha A Atram1,*,Vijay D Bhalavi2,Sunita.S Dantkale3
Affiliation:
1Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
3Professor, Department of Pathology, V. M. Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
2.Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
3.Department of Pathology,V. M. Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Manisha A Atram.
Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442102 India
Article citation:
Atram MA, Bhalavi VD, Dantkale SS. Oral cancer: A clinicopathological study in relation to tobacco chewing, smoking and other risk factor. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):215-222. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Aims and Objectives: To study clinical and histopathological pattern of oral precancerous and cancerous lesion with relation to age, sex , site and risk factors involved in these lesions.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, V.M.G.Medical College, and Civil Hospital, Solapur from May 2007 to December 2012. A total of 162 cases of oral cavity lesions were studied.
Results: Among 162 cases, 144 (88.88%) cases were malignant tumors, 18 (11.11%) were epithelial precursor lesions. The male to female ratio was 2.6:1. The most common site was the tongue (28.83%). The ages ranged from 21-85 years with mean age of 58years. Majority of malignant tumor were Grade-I squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: The incidence of premalignant lesions of the oral cavity is increasing and showing predilection for younger age groups, due to the increase in intake of tobacco, pan masala and other related intoxicants. A detailed clinical work up with histology can help in diagnosing more than 95% of the cases of oral cavity. Oral cancers are the one of the few cancers, whose cause is known and hence it is possible to prevent it. The real challenge in oral cancer lies in its prevention and early diagnosis
KEYWORDS: Oral cavity; risk factors; malignant.
REFERENCES
1.Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:153.
2.Yogesh M, Anil KD.Oral cancer: Review of current management strategies.National medical journal of India 2013:26(3), p 152-158.
3.Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B, et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1927–33.
4.Dikshit R, Gupta PC, Ramasundarahettige C, Gajalakshmi V, Aleksandrowicz L, Badwe R, et al.Cancer mortality in India: A nationally representative survey. Lancet 2012; 379:1807–16.
5.Pathak KA, Nason R, Talole S, Abdoh A, Pai P, Deshpande M, et al. Cancer of the buccal mucosa: A tale of two continents. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38:146–50.
6.AD Singh.Challenge of Oral cancer in India. Indian Journal of Radiology. 1981; 35(3):147-155.
7.Itsuo Chiba.Prevention of betel quid chewers’ oral cancer in the Asian Pacific Area. Asian Pacific J Prev,2:263-269
8.Charles A.Waldron and William G.Shafer.Leukoplakia revisited. A clinicopathological study oral leukoplakia. Cancer 1975;36:1386-1392.
9.Wahi PN, Kapur VL, Luthra UK, Srivastava MC. SMF of the oral cavity: 2: Epidemiological study.Bull World Health Organ 1966;35:793-9.
10.Ahluwalia H, Gupta SC, Singh M, Gupta SC, Misra V, Singh PA, et al. Spectrum of head and neck cancers at Allahabad. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;53:16-20.
11.William G.Shafer and Charles A. Waldron.Erythroplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer 1975;36:1021-1028.
12.N.N.Khanna ,G.C.Pant,F.M.Tripathi, B.Sanyal ,S.Gupta.Some observations on the etiology of Oral precancerous lesions. Indian Journal of Cancer 1975; 1: 77-82.
13.Khandekar SP, Bagdey PS, Tiwari RR. Oral cancer & some epidemiologic factor Hospital Based study. Ind Journal of Community Medicine 2006;31(3):157-158.
14.Gupta PC. Tobacco & Youth in the South-East Asian region. Ind Journal of Cancer 2002;5:29.
15.Sanghvi LD , Rao KCM and Khanolkar VR .Smoking and chewing of tobacco in relation to cancer of the upper Alimentary tract .British Medical Journal 1955;1:1111-1114.
16.Varshney PK, Agrawal N, Bariar LM. Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in relation to oral cancer. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surg 2003; 55: 25-28.
17.Gopal Krishna, Saxena ON and AK Singh. Oral Carcinoma. Indian Journal of Surgery 1967;229-235.
18.Zain RB, Ikeda N, Gupta PC, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, van Wyk CW,Shrestha P, and other. Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, Areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: consensus from a workshop held In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 25–27, 1996.J Oral Pathol Med1999;28(1):1–4.
19.Sylvie Louise Avon, DMD, msc. Oral Mucosal Lesions Associated with Use of Quid. J Can Dent Assoc 2004;70(4):244-8.
20.Jagriti Gupta,Krishna kumar Gupta,Fajad mansoor samadi, Arpita Kabiraj. Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer- A review. Year 2012; volume3; issue2; page 74-78.
21.Hoffmann, D., Brunnemann,K.D., Prokopczyk,B. and Djordjevic,M.V.Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and areca-derived N-nitrosamines: chemistry, biochemistry,carcinogenicity and relevance to humans. J.Toxicol. Environ. Health.1994;41:1-52.
22.Wenke,G., Rivenson,A., Brunnemann,K.D., Hoffmann,D. and Bhide,S.V.(1984) A study of betelquid carcinogenesis. II. Formation of Nnitrosamines during betel quid chewing. In O'Neill,I.K.,von Borstel,R.C.,Miller,C.T., Long,J. and Bartsch,H. (eds), N-Nitroso Compounds:Occurrence, Biological Effects and Relevance to Human Cancer, IARC Scientific Publications no. 57. IARC,Lyon, pp. 859-866.
23.Stepanov I. Jensen J, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS. New and traditional smokeless tobacco;comparison of toxicant and carcinogen levels.Nicotine Tob Res.2008; 10:1773-1782.
24.Pershagen G. smokeless tobacco.Br Med Bull 1996;52:50-7.
25.Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM, Austin DF, Greenberg RS, Preston-Martin S, et al.Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer.Cancer Res 1988; 48:3282–7.
26.R.Mehrotra S.Yadav .Oral squamous cell carcinoma :Etiology,pathogenesis and prognostic value of genomic alterations. Indian Journal of Cancer 2006; 43(2):60.
27.Rosai and Ackerman’s surgical pathology, 3rd edition,verrucous carcinoma: Chapter 5:246-247
28.W.G.Shafer. Verrucous carcinoma. International Dental Journal. 1974; 22:451-457.
29.Sundstrom B, Mornstad H, Ascell T. Oral carcinomas associated with snuffs dipping. J Oral Pathol 1982; 11:245-51.
30.More, d’cruz : Oral cancer: review of current management strategies. The national medical J ournal of India.2013;26(3):152-158.
31.Van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa;Terminology,classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:317–23.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Atram MA, Bhalavi VD, Dantkale SS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A multinational study
AsaadJavaidMirza1,*BDS, MCPS, MDS, IrfanUllah Khan2BDS, FCPS, MaazAsad3BDS, MDSc, MarwahBerkath3 BDS, SaadiaSaad4 BDS
Affiliation:
1*Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, KSA
2Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
3Research Scholar, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4General Dental Practitioner, Dubai
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, KSA
2. Department of Operative Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Address reprint requests to
Prof. Asaad Javaid Mirza
College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, KSA
Article citation:
Mirza AJ, Khan IU, Asad M, Berkath M, Saad S. Assessment of dentists’ knowledge versus their practices towards treating dental caries. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):255-262. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Owing to induction of modern technology in dentistry, advent of adhesive restorative materials and better understanding of caries and its prevention modalities, caries treatment has turn out to be less invasive and more effective. Despite having all of the options for caries management at hand, most of the dentists continue to treat caries by traditional drill & fill technique. This can be well observed in Middle Eastern countries where dentists of various nationalities, especially from Asian and African countries come to work in health sector.
This multinational study accomplished in Asian and African countries was done to assess the status of practicing dentists’ knowledge about the modern pathways for caries management and its implementation in their clinical practices. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess knowledge of practicing dentists about caries treatment and to assess percentage of the dentists following modern caries- treating strategies.
Material & Methods: A meticulously prepared user-friendly questionnaire was displayed on social media consisting of 12 queries each on dentists’ knowledge about caries management and practice of its clinical implementation.
Results: Dentists from many Asian and African countries participated in the study and 515 responses were received. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17.
Conclusion: Most of the participating dentists lack pragmatic approach towards caries treatment despite having up-to-date pedagogic knowledge about caries management strategies.
KEYWORDS: Caries prevention; Caries management; Caries risk assessment; CAMBRA.
REFERENCES
1.Cury JA, Tenuta LMA. Enamel remineralization: controlling the caries disease or treating early caries lesions? Brazilian oral research. 2009;23:23-30.
2.CAMBRA. Caries Management by Risk Assessment 28.10.2014.
3.Featherstone J. Dental caries: a dynamic disease process. Australian dental journal. 2008;53(3):286-91.
4.Y Miller F, Campus G, Giuliana G, R Piscopo M, Pizzo G. Topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Current pharmaceutical design. 2012;18(34):5532-41.
5.Demito CF, Rodrigues GV, Ramos AL, Bowman S. Efficacy of a fluoride varnish in preventing white-spot lesions as measured with laser fluorescence. J Clin Orthod. 2011; 45:25-9.
6.Altenburger MJ, Schirrmeister JF, Lussi A, Klasser M, Hellwig E. In situ fluoride retention and remineralization of incipient carious lesions after the application of different concentrations of fluoride. European journal of oral sciences. 2009;117(1):58-63.
7.Pienihäkkinen K, Söderling E, Ostela I, Leskelä I, Tenovuo J. Comparison of the efficacy of 40% chlorhexidine varnish and 1% chlorhexidine-fluoride gel in decreasing the level of salivary mutans streptococci. Caries research. 1995;29(1):62-7.
8.Borges B, Campos G, da Silveira A, de Lima K, Pinheiro I. Efficacy of a pit and fissure sealant in arresting dentin non-cavitated caries: a 1-year follow-up, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial. American journal of dentistry. 2010;23(6):311-6.
9.Roberson T, Heymann H, Swift E. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry 2006 (5th edition):67-133.
10.Thaweboon S, Thaweboon B, Soo-Ampon S. The effect of xylitol chewing gum on mutans streptococci in saliva and dental plaque. 2004.
11.Ribelles LM, Guinot JF, Mayné AR, Bellet DL. Effects of xylitol chewing gum on salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and presence of Streptococcus mutans in saliva. European journal of paediatric dentistry: official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2010;11(1):9-14.
12.Soderling E, Isokangas P, Pienihäkkinen K, Tenovuo J. Influence of maternal xylitol consumption on acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants. Journal of Dental Research. 2000;79(3):882-7.
13.Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S. Intake of dairy products and the prevalence of dental caries in young children. Journal of dentistry. 2010;38(7):579-83.
14.Stephen H. Early caries detection: An evolution in the way we diagnose and treat dental caries.Canadian J of Cosmetic Dentistry. 2007;3(4):28-33.
15.Autio-Gold JT, Tomar SL. Dental students’ opinions and knowledge about caries management and prevention. Journal of dental education. 2008;72(1):26-32.
16.Yorty JS, Walls AT, Wearden S. Caries risk assessment/treatment programs in US dental schools: an eleven-year follow-up. Journal of dental education. 2011;75(1):62-7.
17.Main P, Lewis D, Hawkins R. A survey of general dentists in Ontario, Part I: Sealant use and knowledge. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 1996;63(7):542, 5-53.
18.Siegal MD, Garcia AI, Kandray DP, Giljahn LK. The use of dental sealants by Ohio dentists. Journal of public health dentistry. 1996;56(1):12-21.
19.Hasham K. Dental Caries-Preventive concepts of dentists in Peshawar. Pakistan Oral & Dent J 2005;25(1):87-92.
20.Amila Z, Maida G. Preventive Dentistry in Bosnian Private Dental Practices. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(3):193-204.
21.Garcia RI, Sohn W. The paradigm shift to prevention and its relationship to dental education.Journal of dental education. 2012;76(1):36-45.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Mirza AJ, Khan IU, Asad M, Berkath M, Saad S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Amrit Anand1,*,Rajlaxmi Panigrahi2,Rajesh Kumar Padhy2
Affiliation:
1Junior resident, 2Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital Pandara, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswa, Odisha-751025, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of ENT, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital Pandara, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswa, Odisha-751025, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. Amrit Anand.
Plot no. 516/1702, Sub Plot no. 1, Lane No. 2, Phase 4, Adarsha Vihar, Patia-751024), India
Article citation:
Anand A, Panigrahi R, Padhy KR. Clinical and bacteriological study of chronic suppurative otitis media by anaerobic culture methods in HI-Tech medical college and Hospital Bhubaneswar, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):267-271. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Aims & Objective: To observe the types of organisms grown in CSOM both Tubotympanic (TT) and Atticoantral (AA) type.
Material and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between October 2012 to September 2014 in HI-TECH MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL BHUBANESWAR.120 chronic and actively discharging ears of 100 pateints were included in study
Results: Majority of patients were in age range 26 to 35 years. 69 % of patients were from low socioeconomic group. CSOM-TT was found in 81.67% and CSOM-AA in 18.88% cases. Out of 120 swabs only 113 swabs grew bacteria. Out of 120 swabs, 48.35% swabs grew monomicrobial isolates and 48.83% swabs grew polymicobial isolates. Aerobic growth was seen in 48.33 anaerobic growth was seen in 2.5 % and mixed flora was seen in 43.34% and no growth was seen in 5.83%. In COSM-TT commonest anaerobic was prevotella where as peptostreptococcus was common in CSOM-AA.
Conclusion: In COSM-TT commonest anaerobic was prevotella where as peptostreptococcus was common in CSOM-AA.
KEYWORDS: Bacteriological study; Chronic Suppurative otitis media; Culture.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1.Bluestone CD, Gates GA, Klein JO et al., Definitions, terminology and classification of otitis media. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology.2002;111: 8-18.
2.Healy GB, Rosbe KW. Otitis media and middle ear effusions. In: Snow, Ballenger JJ, Editors. Ballengers Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery.(16th ed). BC Decker INC; 2003: 249-60.
3.Loy AHC et al., Microbiology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Singapore; Singapore Med J 2002;43(6): 296-299.
4.Srivastava A, Singh R.K et al., Microbiological evaluation of active tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otits media. Nepalese Journal of ENT Head & Neck Surgery 2010;1(2):14-16.
5.Poorey VK, Arati Iyer. Study of bacterial flora in CSOM and its clinical significance; Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2002;54(2): 91-95.
6.Asif Alam gul, Liaqat ali, Ejaz Rahim, Shakeel Ahmed.Chronic suppurative otitis media; frequency of pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients and its sensitivity to various antibiotics. Professional medical J 2007; 14(3): 411-415.
7.Jonsson L, Schwan A,Thomander L, Fabain P. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in chronic suppurative otitis media. A quantitative study. Acta Otolaryngol 1986 :102(5-6):410-4.
8.Erkan et al. Bactriology of chronic suoourative otitis media annals otol rhinol laryngol 1994;103: 771-774.
9.Jagdish Kumar S.A., A comparative bacteriological study in ASOM and CSOM” Dissertation submitted to Bangalore university (1984) unpublished data.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Anand A, Panigrahi R, Padhy KR. This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A multinational study
Ayesha Imran1,*, Nitin A Yelikar1,Bajrang Singh1
Affiliation:
1MD Pediatrics from Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College and Hospital Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pediatrics, Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College Pune India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Ayesha Imran.
MD Pediatrics, Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College and Hospital Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Senior Resident Pediatrics, Sri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India or dr.ayesha1286@yahoo.co.in
Article citation Imran A, Yelikar NA, Singh B. Job’s syndrome: Heterogenous group of immune disorder. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(03):263-266. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Job’s syndrome or hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immune disorder having increased serum immunoglobulin E (IgE),chronic dermatitis, recurrent skin and respiratory tract infections and connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. We report a case of 11 year old male child who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, left shoulder pain and swelling. Past history of recurrent episodes of rash on face and four episodes of pneumonia. On co-relating the history,clinical features and laboratory investigations the diagnosis of Job’s syndrome was made. This case deals with the clinical presentation,investigations and treatment plan for such patient.
KEYWORDS: Job’s syndrome; hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome.
REFERENCES
1.Minegishi Y, Karasuyama H. Genetic origins of hyper-IgE syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. Sep 2008;8(5):386-91.
2.Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, MDS. Hyperimmunoglobulin-E syndrome with recurrent infection: a review of current opinion and treatment. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000; 11:133.
3.Borges WG et al. The face of Job. J Pediatr 1998;133:303.
4.Holland SM, DeLeo FR, Elloumi HZ, Hsu AP, Uzel G, Brodsky N et al. STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome. N Engl J Med 200, 357:1608-1619.
5.Zhang Q, Davis JC, Lamborn IT et al. (November 2009). Combined immunodeficiency associated with DOCK8 mutations N. Engl. J. Med. 361(21):2046-55.
6.Grimbacher B, Holland S, Gallin J, Greenberg F, Hill S, Malech H et al. (1999). Hyper-IgE syndrome with recurrent infections-an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. N Engl J Med 340(9) 692–70.
7.Grimbacher B, Holland SM, Puck JM. Hyper-IgE syndromes. Immunol Rev 2005; 203:244-50
8.Tanji C, Yorioka N, Kanahara K, Naito T, Oda H, Ishikawa K et al. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome associated with nephrotic syndrome. Intern Med 1999; 38:491-4.
9.Ochs HD, Notarangelo LD (2010). Williams Hematology: Chapter 82. Immunodeficiency Diseases (8th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071621519.
10.Szczawinska A, Kycler Z, Pietrucha B, Heropolitanska E, Gerreth K. The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome- Clinical manifestation diversity in primary immune deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011;6:76
11.Tanaka H, Ito R, Onodera N, Waga S. Efficacy of long-term sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy in a boy with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Tohoku J Exp Med. Sep 1998; 186(1):61-6.
12.Kojima K, Inoue Y, Katayama Y et al. Improvement with disodium cromoglycate of neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity in a patient with hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome. Allergy. Nov 1998;53(11):1101-3.
13.Kimata H. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:771-4
14.Ge AX, Ryan ME, Holland SM et al. Acupuncture for symptom management in patients with hyper-IgE (Job's) syndrome. J Altern Complement Med. Jan 2011; 17(1):71-6.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
The case was taken after the due consent of patient’s mother.
Copyright © 2015 Imran A, Yelikar NA, Singh B. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Neeru Bhaskar1,Shikhaa Mahajan2,*,Harnam Kaur3, Ishaq Sheikh4, Sunita Manhas5
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2Assistant professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
3Professor & Head, Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College Faridabad Haryana, India
4Demonstrator, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
5Assistant professor, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2.Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College Faridabad Haryana,India
3.Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Shikhaa Mahajan.
Assistant Professor,
Department of Biochemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
Article citation:
Bhaskar N, Mahajan S, Kaur H, Sheikh I, Manhas S. Assessment of electrolyte variance and anion gap in pre-eclampsia. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):250-254. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition that contributes substantially to perinatal morbidity and mortality of both mother and newborn. Its exact etiology is not known, but it may be associated with alteration in electrolyte status.
Aims: To study serum sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and anion gap in pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant females.
Settings and design: Hospital based cross-sectional study
Material and methods: 100 pregnant women of age ≥ 20 years attending the gynaecology and obstetrics clinic were selected for the study and were divided into two groups of 50 patients each:- Group-I (control): Normotensive healthy primigravida women and Group-II (cases): Pre-eclampticprimigravida women.
Statistical analysis used: The data obtained was compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 11. Means were calculated and t-test was applied to find out significance level.
Results: Mean weight and blood pressurewere significantly higher for the pre-eclamptic group than for the normal pregnant group. Significant increase (p≤ 0.001) in sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate, non significant decrease in potassium, and non significant increase in anion- gap was seen in pre-eclamptic as compared to normal pregnant females.
Conclusion: As electrolyte levels are significantly altered in pre-eclamptic, we suggest that along with the electrolyte profile, anion gap should also be used in the evaluation of pre-eclamptic patients so that it helps the clinicians to prevent pre-eclamptic patients land up in metabolic acidosis.
KEYWORDS: Anion gap; Bicarbonate; Chloride; Pre-eclampsia; Potassium; Sodium.
REFERENCES
1.Aruna M, Begum SS, Prasanna JL, Prabha MS, Rao NR. A survey on perception of complications among pregnant women. Indo American Journal Of Pharm Research 2014;4(01):171- 81
2.Akinloye O, Oyewale OJ, Oguntibeju OO. Evaluation of trace elements in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. African Journal of Biotechnology 2010;9(32):5196-202.
3.Bringman J, Gibbs C, Ahokas R. Differences in serum calcium and magnesium between gravidas with severe pre-eclampsia and normotensive controls. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:148.
4.Punthumapol C, KittichotpanichB. Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Uric Acid in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 2008; 91(7):968-73
5.Sayyed AK, Sonttake AN. Electrolyte Status in Preeclampsia. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2013;3(3):30-6.
6.Kashyap MK, Saxena SV, Khullar M, Sawhney H, Vasishta K. Role of anion gap and different electrolytes in hypertension during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia). Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 282:157-67.
7.Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC III, Wenstrom KD. Williams obstetrics. 22nded. New York: McGraw-Hill;2005:761-808.
8.Walker JJ. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2000;356:1260-5.
9.Hayashi M, Ueda Y, Hoshimoto K, Ota Y, Fukasawa I, Sumori K, et al. Changes in urinary excretion of six biochemical parameters in normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39: 392-400.
10.Durst RA, Andersen OS. Electrochemistry. In :Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, editors. Teitz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 5th ed., Philadelphia : Saunders; 2002.pp.104-20.
11.Kraut JA, Madias NE. Serum Anion Gap: Its Uses and Limitations in Clinical Medicine. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:162–74.
12.Farzin L, Sajadi F. Comparison of serum trace element levels in patients with or without pre-eclampsia. J Res Med Sci 2012;17(10):938–41.
13.Ibraheem NJ, Obiade DS. Serum calcium level and some physiological markers during Pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy in Babylon province women. Magazin of Al-Kufa University for Biology 2013;5(2).
14.Sunitha T, Sameera K, Umaramani G. Study of Biochemical changes in Preeclamptic women. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research 2012;3(3):2025-8.
15.Faisal AR, Ali R, Maha MB, Tariq HK. Sodium imbalance in preeclampsia. Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences 2009;(1):41-8.
16.Manjareeka M, Nanda S. Serum electrolyte levels in preeclamptic women: a comparative study. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2012;3(2):572-8.
17.Delgado MC. Potassium in Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports 2004;6:31–5.
18.Yussif MN, Salih MR, Sami AZ, Mossa MM. Estimation of serum zinc, sodium and potassium in normotensive and hypertensive primigravida pregnant women. Tikrit Medical Journal 2009;15(1):13-8.
19.Indumati K, Kodliwadmath MV and Sheela MK. The Role of serum Electrolytes in Pregnancy induced hypertension. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2011;5(1):66-9.
20.Pikilidou MI, Lasaridis AN, Sarafidis PA. Blood pressure and serum potassium levels in hypertensive patients receiving or not receiving antihypertensive medicine. Clin Exp Hypertens 2007;29(8):563-73.
21.Dutta DC. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. In:Konar H, editor. Textbook of obstetrics. 4th ed., Calcutta: New Central Book Agency; 2000. pp. 234-55.
22.Barrett KE, Barman SM, Scott Boitano and Brooks HL, Pulmonary Function. In:Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill;2010.pp. 604.
23.Klutts JS, Scott MG. Physiology and disorders of water, electrolyte, and acid base metabolism.In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, editors. TEITZ Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 4thed. New Delhi: Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd; 2006. pp. 1747-76.
24.Bhaskar N, Kaur H, Qazi N. Comparison of serum calcium, magnesium, and uric acid levels in pre- eclamptic and normal pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital: A comparative analysis. IJMCH 2011;13(3).
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Bhaskar N, Mahajan S, Kaur H, Sheikh I, Manhas S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.