March 2015;05(10) issue of the J Pharm Biomed Sci.
DocumentsDate added
Research article
Hussein Oleiwi Muttaleb Al-Dahmoshi1,*, Abdul- Kareem S.S. Al-Yassari2,
Nktel Faaz Nassir Al-Saad3, Nebras Nesseralla Al-Dabagh4, Noor Salman Kadhim Al-Khafaji5, Rasha Kadhim Mahdi6, Noor Mahmood Naji7
Affiliation:
1Babylon University-College of Science, Biology Department-Iraq
2Al-Qasim Green University, College of Veterinary Medicine-Iraq
3Al-Qasim Green University, College of Biotechnology-Iraq
4Babylon University, College of Dentistry-Iraq
5,6,7Babylon University-College of Science, Biology Department-Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1Babylon University-College of Science, Biology Department-Iraq
2Al-Qasim Green University, College of Veterinary Medicine-Iraq.
3Al-Qasim Green University, College of Biotechnology-Iraq
4Babylon University, College of Dentistry-Iraq
4.Babylon University-College of Science, Biology Department-Iraq
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. Hussein Oleiwi Muttaleb Al-Dahmoshi.
Babylon University-College of Science
Biology ,Babylon-Hilla, Iraq City
Article citation:
Al-Dahmoshi HOM, Al-Yassari A-K SS, Al-Saad NFN, Al-Dabagh NN, Al-Khafaji NSK, Mahdi RK et al. Occurrence of AmpC, MBL, CRE and ESBLs among diarrheagenic Escherichia coli recovered from Infantile Diarrhea, Iraq. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):189-195. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Diarrheagenic E.coli (DEC) can be assigned to the one of the six pathotypes: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga-toxin-producing E.coli (STEC), of which enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is a pathogenic sub-group, induces A/E lesion, Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) , Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). The risk increased upon acquisition of the β-lactamases like ESBL, AmpC, KPC and MBL. The current study aim to phenotypically investigation of different β-lactamases types among DEC.
Fifty eight stool samples were collected from children undergoing diarrhea and having fever (38˚C- 41˚C) with age between (3 months to 4 years). The methods of feeding (Breast feeding or formula feeding) and geographic area were also recorded. Stool samples collected by transport swab with medium and cultured in the same day on nutrient agar plates.
The results revealed high percentage of DEC isolation among stool samples collected from children formula feeding 33 (78.6%), 4 (100%) among Mixed feeding and 2 (16.7%) positive among breast feeding and this may be due to breast milk secretory IgA, oligosaccharades and lactoferrin have dynamic role preventing adhesion and augmenting the immune response against DEC. Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed high sensitivity of DEC toward amikacin, norfloxacin and netilmicin whereas showed high resistance for ampicillin, carbenicillin cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, co-trimoxazole, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and cefepime. For ESBL detection the results display approximate similarity for double disc synergy test(DDST) and ESBL Chromatic medium in which 19(48.7%) and 22(56.4%) positive for ESBL respectively. The positive results for carbapenemase resistant Enterobacteriacea (CRE) were (10.3%) using MIC strip and (15.4%) when the CRE chromatic medium used. AmpC positive among DEC were (7.7%) while (10.3%) of isolates were positive for MBL using MIC strip test.
The current study conclude importance of the natural breast milk feeding for the children to get rid the intestinal pathogens especially diarrheagenic E. coli and possessing of diarrheagenic E. coli for different types of β-lactamase leads to difficulties in treatments.
KEYWORDS: ESBL, AmpC, KPC, MBL, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.
REFERENCES
1.Pereira, A.L.; Giugliano, L.G. Adhesion of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Inhibition by Glycocompounds Engaged in the Mucosal Innate Immunity. Biology. 2013, 2:810-831
2.Belanger L, Garenaux A, Harel J, 1. Boulianne M, Nadeau E, Dozois CM. Escherichia coli from animal reservoirs as potential source of human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2011; 62: 1-10.
3.Beddoe T, Paton AW, Le Nours J, Rossjohn J, Paton JC. Structure, biological functions of the AB5 toxins. Cell 2010; 35: 411-418.
4.Aslani MM, Alikhani MY, Zavari A, Yousefi R, Zamani AR. Characterization of aggregative (EAEC) clinical isolates and their antibiotic resistance. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15: e136-e139.
5.Morrow, A.L.; Ruiz-Palacios, G.M.; Jiang, X.; Newburg, D.S. Human-milk glycans that inhibit pathogen binding protect breast-feeding infants against infectious diarrhea. J. Nutr. 2005, 135:1304-1307.
6.Livermore, D. M., and N. Woodford. 2006. The beta-lactamase threat in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Trends Microbiol. 14:413–420.
7.Jacoby G.A. AmpC beta-lactamases.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009, 22(1):161-182.
8.Villegas, M. V., K. Lolans, A. Correa, C. J. Suarez, J. A. Lopez, M. Vallejo, and J. P. Quinn. 2006. First detection of the plasmid-mediated class A carbapenemase KPC-2 in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from South America. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 50:2880–2882.
9.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial-susceptibility testing. Informational supplement. M 100-S23., Wayne, Pannsylvannia; 32(3):1-184. 2013.
10.Abu Salah, M.A.; Badran, E.F.; Shehabi, A.A. High incidence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-type ESBLs colonizing the intestine of Jordanian infants.Int. Arabic J. Anti.Agent. 2013, 3(4):1-8.
11.Bessler, H.C.; de Oliveira, I.R.; Giugliano, L.G. Human milk glycoproteins inhibit the adherence of Salmonella typhimurium to HeLa cells. Microbiol.Immunol. 2006, 50, 877-882.
12.Alex, L.P. and Loreny G.G. Adhesion of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Inhibition by Glycocompounds Engaged in the Mucosal Innate Immunity. Biology.2013, 2:810-831.
13.Al-Dahmoshi, H.O. Detection of Some Virulence Factor Genes of Enterobacter spp. Isolated from Patients with Cystitis. University of Babylon, College of Medicine-Iraq.Ph.D. thesis.
14.Al-Dahmoshi, H.O., Habeeb S. Naher and Ala'a H. Al-Charrakh. Study of Some Bacterial Isolates Associated with Leukocytospermia in Asthenospermic Patients in Hilla City, Iraq. Int. Res. J. Medical Sci. 2013, 1(3):1-11.
15.Gundogdu A, Beverley Long Y, Vollmerhausen TL, Katouli M. Antimicrobial resistance and distribution of sul genes and integron-associated intI genes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Queensland, Australia. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60: 1633–42.
16.Jacobs, C., J.M. Frere, and S. Normark. 1997. Cytosolic intermediates for cell wall biosynthesis and degradation control inducible β-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Cell 88:823–832.
17.MacKenzie FM, Forbes KJ, Dorai-John T, Amyes SG, Gould IM. Emergence of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Lancet 1997; 350:783.
18.Bush, K. 2001.New Beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria: diversity and impact on the selection of antimicrobial therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32:1085–1089.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Al-Dahmoshi HOM, Al-Yassari A-K SS, Al-Saad NFN, Al-Dabagh NN, Al-Khafaji NS Mahdi RK et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
A multinational study
Ayesha Imran1,*, Nitin A Yelikar1,Bajrang Singh1
Affiliation:
1MD Pediatrics from Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College and Hospital Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pediatrics, Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College Pune India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Ayesha Imran.
MD Pediatrics, Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College and Hospital Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Senior Resident Pediatrics, Sri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India or dr.ayesha1286@yahoo.co.in
Article citation Imran A, Yelikar NA, Singh B. Job’s syndrome: Heterogenous group of immune disorder. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(03):263-266. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Job’s syndrome or hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immune disorder having increased serum immunoglobulin E (IgE),chronic dermatitis, recurrent skin and respiratory tract infections and connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. We report a case of 11 year old male child who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, left shoulder pain and swelling. Past history of recurrent episodes of rash on face and four episodes of pneumonia. On co-relating the history,clinical features and laboratory investigations the diagnosis of Job’s syndrome was made. This case deals with the clinical presentation,investigations and treatment plan for such patient.
KEYWORDS: Job’s syndrome; hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome.
REFERENCES
1.Minegishi Y, Karasuyama H. Genetic origins of hyper-IgE syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. Sep 2008;8(5):386-91.
2.Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, MDS. Hyperimmunoglobulin-E syndrome with recurrent infection: a review of current opinion and treatment. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000; 11:133.
3.Borges WG et al. The face of Job. J Pediatr 1998;133:303.
4.Holland SM, DeLeo FR, Elloumi HZ, Hsu AP, Uzel G, Brodsky N et al. STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome. N Engl J Med 200, 357:1608-1619.
5.Zhang Q, Davis JC, Lamborn IT et al. (November 2009). Combined immunodeficiency associated with DOCK8 mutations N. Engl. J. Med. 361(21):2046-55.
6.Grimbacher B, Holland S, Gallin J, Greenberg F, Hill S, Malech H et al. (1999). Hyper-IgE syndrome with recurrent infections-an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. N Engl J Med 340(9) 692–70.
7.Grimbacher B, Holland SM, Puck JM. Hyper-IgE syndromes. Immunol Rev 2005; 203:244-50
8.Tanji C, Yorioka N, Kanahara K, Naito T, Oda H, Ishikawa K et al. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome associated with nephrotic syndrome. Intern Med 1999; 38:491-4.
9.Ochs HD, Notarangelo LD (2010). Williams Hematology: Chapter 82. Immunodeficiency Diseases (8th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071621519.
10.Szczawinska A, Kycler Z, Pietrucha B, Heropolitanska E, Gerreth K. The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome- Clinical manifestation diversity in primary immune deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011;6:76
11.Tanaka H, Ito R, Onodera N, Waga S. Efficacy of long-term sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy in a boy with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Tohoku J Exp Med. Sep 1998; 186(1):61-6.
12.Kojima K, Inoue Y, Katayama Y et al. Improvement with disodium cromoglycate of neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity in a patient with hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome. Allergy. Nov 1998;53(11):1101-3.
13.Kimata H. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:771-4
14.Ge AX, Ryan ME, Holland SM et al. Acupuncture for symptom management in patients with hyper-IgE (Job's) syndrome. J Altern Complement Med. Jan 2011; 17(1):71-6.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
The case was taken after the due consent of patient’s mother.
Copyright © 2015 Imran A, Yelikar NA, Singh B. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Aruna Ramchandra Pawar1*; MBBS,MD (Radiodiagnosis), Suhas Dadarao Alone2 BVSc & AH, MVSc (Medicine)
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Radiology, Shree Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
2Assistant Commissioner [AH], Government Vet Minipoliclinic Ghatanji Yavatma, Maharashtra, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Shree Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
2.Government Vet Minipoliclinic Ghatanji Yavatma, Maharashtra, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. Aruna Ramchandra Pawar.
Associate Professor, Radiology, Shree Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
Article citation:
Pawar AR & Alone SD. Role of grey scale and color doppler ultrasound in benign and malignant adnexal masses. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):203-207. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
The diagnosis of adnexal masses is a common clinical problem. An adnexal mass may be benign or malignant, it is the risk of malignancy that propels us for early diagnosis to lessen the mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the patients with adnexal masses and to assess the role of ultrasound for discrimination of benign and malignant adnexal masses. This is a prospective study of 100 patients. All the patients with suspected adnexal mass underwent both real time grey scale and Doppler imaging. On ultrasound the lesions were classified as benign or malignant and all patients underwent surgery. Findings were then confirmed and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasound was obtained. Using sonomorphological and Doppler parameters it was observed that malignant neoplasm offered low resistance to blood flow, measured by resistance index by RI and pulsatility index i.e. PI. The present study showed that malignant tumors has PI less than 1 and RI less than 0.6,while in benign tumors PI and RI both were in the range of 1-1.5. Our study showed sensitivity of 84.20% and specificity of 96.30%.Thus the combined result of grey scale and Doppler imaging play an important role in discrimination of benign and malignant adnexal masses.
KEYWORDS: Adnexal mass;benign; Doppler ultrasound; Real time Greyscale ultrasound; malignant mass.
REFERENCES
1.Gillis CR, Hole DJ, Still RM. Lancet et al. Medica audit, cancer registration, and survival in ovarian cancer. LancetNov.9;337(8741): 611-2.
2.Finkler NJ, Benarcerraf B, Lavin PT, et al. Comparison of CA 125,clinical impression, and ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian masses. Obstet Gynecol.Oct1988;72(4):659-44.
3.Vasilev SA, Schlaerth JB, Campeau J,et al. Serum CA 125 levels in preoperative evaluation of pelvic masses. Obstet Gynecol. May 1988;71(5): 751-6.
4.Tempe A, Singh S,Wadhwa L, Garg A. Conventional and color Doppler sonography in preoperative assessment of ovarian tumors. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2006;Jan92(1):64-8.
5.Nugent D, Salha O, alen AH et al. Ovarian neoplasia and subfertility treatment. Br J Obstet Gynaecology June 1998; 105: 584-91.
6.Bilgin T, Karabay A, Dolar E, et al. Peritoneal tuberculosis with pelvic abdominal mass, asicitis and elevated CA 125 mimiking advance ovarian carcinoma: a series of 10cases. Int J Gynecol Cancer.July-Aug 2001; 11(4):290-4.
7.Nevin J, Denny L, Soeters R et al. Uitrasonography of pelvic masses. Br J Obstetrics Gynecology.1998;feb(2)105:137-9.
8.Valentin L. Comparison of Lerner score, Doppler ultrasound examination and their combination for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecology.2000 feb 5(2);143-7.
9. Prompeler HJ, Madjar H, Sauerberi W. Classification of adnexal tumors by transvaginal color Doppler.Gynecol Oncol 1996 june ; 61(3); 354-63.
10.Tekay A,Jouppila P.Validity of pulsatility and resistance indices in classification of adnexal tumors with trasvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound ObstetGyneco.1992 sept 1;2(5): 338-44.
11.Burns PN, Measuring volume flow with Doppler ultrasound- an old nut,Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.1992 july 1;2(4):238-41.
12.Fleischer AC, Rodgers WH, Kepple DM, et al. Color Doppler sonography of ovarian masses: a multiparameter analysis.J Ultrasound Med. 1993 Jan;12(1): 41-8
13.Twickler DM, Forte TB, Santos-Ramos R, et al. The ovarian tumor index predicts risk of malignancy.Cancer.1999 dec 1; 86(11):2280-90.
14.Alcazar JL, Errasti T, Zornoza A, et al. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography and CA-125 in suspicious adnexal masses .Int J Gynecol Obstet,1999 sep;66(3):255-61
15.Leeners B, Funk A,Schild RL,et al. Preoperative determination of the structure of pelvic tumors with color coded Doppler ultrasound and convectional transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis.Zentralbl Gynakol.1998;120(10):503-10.
16.Takac I, Analysis of blood flow in adnexal tumors by using color Doppler imaging and pulsed spectral analysis.Ultrasound Med Biol.1998 oct(8)24:1137-41.
17.Meire HB, Farrant P, Guha T. Distinction of benign from malignant ovarian cysts byultrasound.Br J Obstet Gynecol.1978; dec 85(12):893-9.
18.Fleischer AC, Rodgers WH, Rao BK, et al. Assessment of ovarian tumor vascularity with transvaginal color Doppler sonography.J Ultrasound Med.1991;oct(10):563-8.
19.Hata K, Makihar K, Hata T, et al. Transvaginal color Doppler imaging for hemodynamic assessment of reproductive tract tumors.Int J Gynecol Obstet.1991 dec;36(4):301-8.
20.Weiner Z, Thaler I, Beck D, et al. Differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors with transvaginal color flow imaging. Obstet Gynecol.1992 feb;79(2):159-62.
21.Timor-Tritsch LE, Lerner JP, Monteagudo A, et al. Transvaginal ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian masses by means of color flow directed Doppler measurements and a scoring system.Am J Obstet Gynecol.1993;168:909-13.
23.Curtin JP. Management of the adnexal masses. Gynecol Oncol 1994 Dec; 55(3):S42-S46.
24.Sassone AM,Timor-Tritsch IE, Artner A, et al. Transvaginal sonographic characterization of ovarian disease: evaluation of a new scoring system to predict ovarian malignancy. Obstet Gynecol.1991 July;78(1):70-6
25.Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Hugol D, et al. Characterization of adnexal masses: combination of color Doppler and conventional sonography compared with spectral Doppler analysis alone and conventional sonography alone.AJR Am JR oentgenol.1996 Feb;166(2):385-93
26.Stein SM,Laifer-Narin S,Johnson MB. et al. Differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses:relative alue of grey scale,color Doppler and spectral sonography.AJR Am Roentgenol 1995 Feb;164(2):381-6
27.Kurjak A,Zalud I,Jurkovic D,et al. Transvaginal color Doppler for the assessment of pelvic circulation.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1989;68(2):131-5.
28.Bourne T,Campbell S,Steer C, et al. Transvaginal colour flow imaging: a possible new screening technique for ovarian cancer. BMJ 1989 Dec 2; 299:1367-70.
29.Kobal B,Rakar S,Ribic-Pucelj M,et al. Pretreatment evaluation of adnexal tumors predicting ovarian cancer.Int J Gynecol Cancer. 199; 9:481-6.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Pawar AR & Alone SD. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Research article
Hussein Hafidh Abbas1,*, ZainabJumaah Fadhil1, RamySameer Abdulghani2, SarmadKameel Jubraiel2,Ruqia Ahmad Jasim2
Affiliation:
1Ministry of higher educationa and scientific research, Al-Yarmouk University College, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Baghdad, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Ministry of higher educationa and scientific research, Al-Yarmouk University College, Baghdad, Iraq
2.Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Baghdad, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
* Hussein Hafidh Abbas.
Ministry of higher educationa and scientific research, Al-Yarmouk University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation:
Abbas HH, Fadhil ZJ, Abdulghani RS, Jubraiel SK,Jasim RA. In vitro induction of lymphocyte cells by silver nanoparticles to produce of Th-1 cytokines.. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):182-188. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Nanotechnology has been one of the fastest developing sciences over the last few years. This is an interdisciplinary science that connects the knowledge of biology, chemistry, physics, material science, engineering and pharmacology to the medicine. The products of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have a size below 100 nm and a very high bio-activity. One of the products of nanotechnology is silver, which is of interest in industry. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have a high activity against a wide range of microbial pathogens (Gram positive and negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa as well as multidrug resistance microorganisms). Activity depends on size, shape, contents, exposure time and the type of compound. Along with this antimicrobial activity, Ag-NPs will show stimulating ability to immune cell.
The study objective is to evaluate the release and production of some cytokines as IL-18 and IFN-γ by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to Ag-NPs, where examined of PBMCs culture stimulated by serial concentration of Ag-NPs through various incubation time compared to the PHA as a control positive and control negative without PHA in vitro. The human peripheral lymphocytes culture was treated with Ag-NPs for 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr at a serial concentration (1 mg/ml, 500, 100, 50, and 10μg/ml).
The induced ability of Ag-NPs in stimulated of PBMCs with the presence of PHA to produce cytokines was analyzed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results shows, that the highest concentration level of IL-18 produced by PBMCs in period between 12-24hr especially in 50-100µg/ml (138.23±2.12, 144.3±2.46pg/ml respectively) with higher significant differences (p≤0.01) more than the other treatment of Ag-NPs in other time periods, additionally highly levels of IFN-γ produced in cells treated with 100, 50, 10µg/ml respectively at 12hr. (544.3±1.44, 631.7±2.86, 730.68±1.2pg/ml). A highly significant ( p≤0.01) value as compared to the other concentration of Ag-NPs (positive and negative control).
As a conclusions, increasing significantly to the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-18 levels in supernatant of PBMCs. Alsooptimum amounts of IFN-γ and IL-18 level were produced by PMNCs cultures treated with AgNPs with the presence of PHA in incubation period between12-24hr especially in 10-100μg/mlin vitro only upon PHA stimulation of PMNCs culture.
KEYWORDS: Th1-cytokine; Sliver nanoparticles; and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
REFERENCES
1.Albrecht M. A.,Evans C. W. and Raston C. L.(2006).Green chem.8:432.
2.Aiken J. D.,and Finke R. G. (1999).J. Mol. A:Chem.,145:1-44.
3.Babincova M.,and Babinec P.(2009). Biomed Pap Med FacUnivPalacky Olomouc Czech Repub.153:243-250.
4.Vinogradoy S. V. (2010).Nanomedicine.5:168.
5.Kumar, M. and Y. Ando. Y. (2010).Journal of Nanotechnology. 201 (10):3739-3758.
6.Pearce M. E., Melanko J. B. and Salem A. K. (2007). pharm. Res. 24(12):2335-2352.
7.Xiao Y. and Gao X. (2010). Biomarkers in Medicine. 4(2):227-39
8.Muthu M. S. and Wilson B. (2010). Nanomedicine, 5(2):169-71
9.Y. Su. S. Qiao and H. Yang et al., Nanotechnology (2010). 21(6): 064-065.
10.Zhao W., Cao H. and C. S. Wan C. S. (2002). Di Yi Jun Yi DaXueBao. 22 (5): 461-463.
11.Bhattacharya R. and Mukherjee P. (2008). Drug Delivery Rev. 60:1289-1306.
12.Hirst S. M., Karakoti A. S., Tyler R. D., Sriranganathan N.,Seal S. and Reilly C. M.,(2009).Small.5:2848-2856.
13.Hussain S. and Ferguson C. (2006). Emerg. Med. J. 23:929-932.
14.Li C. Z., Male K. B., and Hrapovic S. (2005) Chem. Commun. 31:39-44.
15.Uygur, F., Oncul O., Evinc R., Diktas H., Acar A., and Ulkur E. B.(2009)35:270-273.
16.Fonteneau, J. F., D. G. Kavanagh, M. Lirvall, C. Sanders, T. L. Cover, N. Bhardwaj, and M. Larsson. 2003. Characterization of the MHC class I cross-presentation pathway for cell-associated antigens by human dendritic cells. Blood.102: 4448 – 4455.
17.Guermonprez, P., L. Saveanu, M. Kleijmeer, J. Davoust, P. Van Endert, and S. Amigorena. 2003. ER-phagosome fusion defines an MHC class I cross presentation compartment in dendritic cells. Nature 425:397–402.
18.Lutsiak, M. E., D. R. Robinson, C. Coester, G. S. Kwon, and J. Samuel. 2002.Analysis of poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanosphere uptake by human dendritic cells and macrophages in vitro. Pharm. Res. 19:1480–1487.
19.Banchereau, J., F. Briere, C. Caux, J. Davoust, S. Lebecque, Y. J. Liu, B. Pulendran, and K. Palucka. 2000. Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18:767–811.
20.Glimcher, Laurie, H.; Murphy, Kenneth, M., (2000). Lineagecommitment in the immune system: The T helper lymphocyte grows up. Genes and Development 14(14): 1693-1711.
21.Cerretti, D., P. Kozlosky C .,J., Mosley B., Nelson, N., Van, N., N., Greenstreet, T., A. , March, C., J., Kronheim, S., R., Druck, T., Cannizzaro, L., A. (1992). Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1β convertingenzyme.Science. 256:97–100.
22.Okamura, H., Tsutsui, H., Komatsu, T., Yutsudo, M., Hakura, A., Tanimoto, T.,Torigoe, K., Okura, T., Nukada, Y., Hattori, K., (1995) Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-γ production by T cells. Science. 378:88–91.
23.Gu, Y., Kuida, K., Tsutsui, H., Ku, G., Hsiao, K., Fleming, M.A., Hayashi, N.,Higashino, K.,Okamura, H., Nakanishi, K., (1997).Activation of interferon-γ inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1β converting enzyme. Science.275:206–209.
24.Scott, P. (1991) IFN-γ modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 response in a murine model of cutaneousLeishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 147:31-49.
25.Meraz, M., A., White, J., M., Sheehan, K., C., Bach, E., A.,Rodig, S., J., Dighe, A., S.,Kaplan, D., H., Riley, J., K.,Greenlund, A., C., Campbell, D. (1996). Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Cell 84:431–442.
26.Bayum, A. (1968). Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and laboratory investigation. 97:77-89.
27.Pal S, Tak YK, and Song JM. (2007).Does the antibacterial activity ofsilver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.Appl Environ Microbiol. 73:1712-1720.
28.Masjedi K. (2008). In vitro analyses of immune responses to metal and organic haptens in humans with contact allergy. Department of Immunology.PhD Dissertation, Stockholm University, Sweden.
29.Endo T, Ikeda R, Yanagida Y, Hatsuzawa T. (2008). Stimuli-responsive hydrogelsilvernanoparticles composite for development of localized surface plasmon resonance-based optical biosensor. AnalChimActa. 611:205-211.
30.AshaRani, PV.; Sethu, S.; Kheng Lim, H.; Balaji, G.; Valiyaveettil S.; and Hande, P. M. (2012). Differential regulation of intracellular factors mediating cell cycle, DNA repair and inflammation following exposure to silver nanoparticles in human cells. Genome Integrity.3:2.
31.Herzog, F.; Clift, M. JD.;Piccapietra, F.; Behra, R.; Schmid, O.; Petri-Fink, A.; and Rothen-Rutishauser, B. (2013). Exposure of silver-nanoparticles and silver-ions to lung cells in vitro at the air-liquid interface. Particle and Fibre Toxicology.10 (11):1-14.
32.Thompson, E. A.; Sayers, B. C.; Glista-Baker, E. E.; Shipkowski, K, A.; Taylor, A. J.; Bonner, J. C. (2013).Innate Immune Responses to Nanoparticle Exposure in the Lung. Journal of Environmental Immunology and Toxicology 1(3):150-156.
33.Castillo PM, Herrera JL, Fernandez-Montesinos R, Caro C, Zaderenko AP, Mejias JA, Pozo D. (2008). Tiopronin monolayer-protected silver nanoparticles modulate IL-6 secretion mediated by Toll-like receptor ligands. Nanomed.3:627-635.
34.Kamimura D, Ishihara K, and Hirano, T. (2003). IL-6 signal transduction and its physiological roles: the signal orchestration model. RevPhysiolBiochemPharmacol. 149:1-38.
35.Kishimoto T. (2006). Interleukin-6: discovery of a pleiotropic cytokine. Arthritis ResTher. 8(Suppl 2):S2.
36.Wong CK, Ho CY, Ko FW, Chan CH, Ho AS, Hui DS, Lam CW. (2001). Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-12) and Th cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) in patients with allergic asthma.Clin ExpImmunol.125:177-183.
37.Abass, H.H., Ali K. H., Ibrahem Dh. M., Ammar O. F., and Abd-alwahed M. T. (2014). Comparison study between Typhoid fever and Tuberculosis patients to induce and produce of Th-1 cytokines (IL-18 and IFN-γ).Euro. J. Exp. Bio., 4(3):20-26.
38.Liew, F. Y.; Wei, X-Q; McInnes, I. B. (2003). Role of interleukin 18 in rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 62(Suppl II):ii48–ii50.
39.Schoenborn JR, and Wilson CB. (2007). Regulation of interferon-gamma during innate and adaptive immune responses. Adv Immunol.96:41-101.
40.Hamilton JA, Anderson GP. (2004). GM-CSF Biology.Growth Factors. 22:225-231.
41.Tan J, Wong KK, Ho CM, Lok CN, Yu WY, Che CM, Chiu JF, Tam PK.(2007). Topical delivery of silver nanoparticles promotes wound healing. ChemMedChem. 2:129-136.
42.Nadworny PL, Wang J, Tredget EE, Burrell RE. (2008).Anti-inflammatory activity of nanocrystalline silver in a porcine contact dermatitis model.Nano-medicine. 4:241-251.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Abbas HH, Fadhil ZJ, Abdulghani RS, Jubraiel SK, Jasim RA. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Samir Golder1,*,Shanta Nibedita Satpathy1,¥, Rajesh Kumar Padhy1,¥,Rajlaxmi Panigrahi1,¥, Swarupjit Ghata1
Affiliation:
1Third Year P.G Student, 1,¥M.S, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Samir Golder.
3rd year PG student,
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hi- Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Article citation:
Golder S, Satpathy SN, Pandhy RK, Panigrahi R, Ghata S. A clinicopathological study of solitary thyroid nodule. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):233-237. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: Solitary thyroid nodule is defined as presence of a palpable nodule in otherwise normal thyroid gland. Solitary nodules are one of the commonest presentations of thyroid disorder.
Aims and objectives: To study the age and sex incidence and other clinical parameters of solitary thyroid nodules and to correlate between fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathological examination of solitary nodule thyroid.
Material and methods: A prospective study had been carried out from November 2012 to October 2014, in the Otorhinolaryngology department, of Hi-tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Fifty patients, who presented with confirmed solitary thyroid swelling and underwent some form of thyroid surgery were included in this study. Complete history was taken and full clinical examination was carried out.
Results: Majority of the patients were between 30-49 years of age. Female:male ratio was about 9:1. Swelling in front and lateral side of neck was the most common presentation. Most common solitary thyroid swelling was colloid goiter. Commonest surgery performed was hemithyroidectomy.
Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the first investigation of choice. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is easy, cheap, highly sensitive and specific method to diagnose lesions of solitary thyroid nodule.
KEYWORDS: Solitary nodule thyroid; fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC); thyrid nodule histopathological examination.
REFERENCES
1.Julian A Mcglashan. The thyroid gland:anatomy and physiology; In: Michael Gleeson, Scott-Brown’s Otorhinolaryngology, Head And Neck Surgery; London Hodder Arnold. 7th Edition (2008) page no:314.
2.Zygmunt H.Krukowski. The thyroid gland and the thyroglossal cyst Chapter 44: In:R.C.G.Russel, Norman ,et al. bailey and Love’s Short Practise of Surgery. 23rd edition. London. Arnold; 2000 page no:712
3.Shirish Chandanwale. Clinicopatholological correlation of thyroid nodules; Int J Pharm Biomed Sci 2012, 3(3), 97-102 .
4.Venkatachalapathy TS, Sreeramulu.PN A Prospective Study of Clinical, Sonological and Pathological Evaluation of Thyroid Nodule; Thyroid Disorders Ther 2012, 1:2
5.C.S. Vyas, S.C. Vijayvargiya. A study of thyroid swelling with clinicopathological parameters; International Journal Biological Medical Research. 2013; 4(2) : 3250 – 3252.
6.SM Nazmul Huque Mohammad Idrish Ali. Histopathological pattern of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule; Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 5-10.
7.Abdullah Al Mamun Study of Pathological Variations of Solitary Thyroid Nodule; Global Journal of Medical Research: J Dentistry and Otolaryngology Volume 14 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2014: 8-16.
8.Irfan Khan, Mohsin ul Rasool. Clinical presentation of various thyroid lesions in a study population attending a teaching hospital in North India. Int J Adv Med. 2014 Aug;1(2):145-148.
9.Sabu N. Satihal Eranna R. Palled. A Study of Various Clinical Presentation of Solitary Thyroid Nodule at Tertiary Care Center; MedPulse – International Medical Journal, ISSN: 2348-2516, EISSN: 2348-1897, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2014 pp 30-32.
10.Manoj Gupta Savita Gupta. Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Solitary Thyroid Nodule. Journal of Thyroid Research 2010; Volume 2010, Article ID 379051, 5 pages.
11.Nirav Priyadarshi, Dhaval Mistry. Study of Management of Solitary Thyroid Nodule. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064.
12.Chetan VR et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2013 Nov;1(4):429-434.
13.G. A. Khairy. Solitary thyroid nodule: the risk of cancer and extent of surgical therapy; East African Medical Journal Vol. 81 No. 9 September 2004.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Golder S,Satpathy SN,Pandhy RK,Panigrahi R,Ghata S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.