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Original article
Amar Nagesh Kumar1,*, Uppala Satyanarayana2, Jupalle Nagaiah Naidu1, Krishnan Ramalingam1, Medabalmi Anitha3
Affiliation:
1Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
2Research Director and Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinaoutapalli, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
3Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2.Department of Biochemistry, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinaoutapalli, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
Amar Nagesh Kumar
PhD scholar,
Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College, Chinthareddypalem Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
Article citation: Kumar AN, Satyanarayana U, Naidu JN, Ramalingam K, Anitha M. Comparison of lipid profile, thyroid profile, glycaemic status, sex hormonal levels, 25–OH vitamin D and oxidative stress status in obese and non obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after treatment with metformin. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(07):572-582. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, multiple small subcapsular cystic follicles in the ovary. PCOS is associated with metabolic abnormalities-insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, besides increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Earlier, it was believed that only obese women are susceptible to PCOS. Recent evidence shows that many non obese women are also developing PCOS.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal profile and status of oxidative stress among obese and non obese PCOS women of reproductive age group in our population. Further, to observe any significant changes in the above parameters among obese and non obese PCOS women early in its course. To observe changes with respect to clinical, biochemical, and endocrine function in obese and non obese PCOS women after treatment with Metformin.
Materials and Methods: The study was divided into 2 phases. Phase I study includes recruitment of 75 healthy control women as group 1 (controls) and 150 women with PCOS, divided into two sub groups obese (group 2) and non obese (group 3) depending on body mass index (BMI) (≥ or ≤ 25.10 kg/m2). All the subjects in three groups were age matched. Serum lipid profile, fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels, thyroid profile, gonadotropin hormones, 25-OH vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous levels and oxidative stress status were measured. In phase II study same parameters done in phase I of the study were reassessed in group 2 and group 3 patients after treatment with metformin. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software 20.0.
Results: High serum fasting glucose and insulin levels, high cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and low HDL levels were found in both obese and non obese PCOS when compared to control women. Similarly lower FSH level, higher LH levels and LH/FSH ratio were reported in both obese and non obese PCOS women compared to controls. Mild hyperprolactinaemia was found in the both obese and non obese PCOS women when compared to controls, in phase I of the study. In phase II study, both obese and non obese PCOS women showed significant reduction with respect to biochemical parameters (lipid profile, glycaemic status, vitamin D), oxidative stress status, and normal gonadotropin levels (LH, FSH, Testosterone) when compared to healthy controls.
Conclusion: Metformin treatment in both obese and non obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with improved insulin levels, decreased insulin resistance, decreased hyperandrogenemia, and reduced oxidative stress status.
KEYWORDS: Metformin; Obese PCOS; Non obese PCOS; Insulin resistance; Dyslipidaemia; Oxidative stress; Gonadotropins.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Kumar AN, Satyanarayana U, Naidu JN, Ramalingam K, Anitha M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
David, O. M* and Oluwaniyi, T. T
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. David, Oluwole Moses
Department of Microbiology,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti-360101, Nigeria
Article citation: David OM, Oluwaniyi TT. Assessment of the microbiological effectiveness of five sanitizers in reducing the population of Enterococcus feacalis isolated from salad vegetables- Sanitation and hygiene improvement study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(07):542-550. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Salad vegetables in most cases do not undergo heat treatment before consumption despite high possibility of contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The microbiology quality of the cabbage, carrot and cucumber sold in Ado-Ekiti were investigated in this study. The association of the Enterococcus faecalis with the vegetables and its ability to produce biofilm grow in the presence of antibiotics were investigated. The ability of the bacterium to tolerate common vegetable sanitizers was also studied. The bioburden of unwashed vegetables were higher than the washed vegetables. The microbial load of the vegetables ranged between 4.93 and 3.85 Log10 CFU/g. Washing reduced the number of organism in the vegetable by 22.72. 23.38 and 38.13% in cabbage, cucumber and carrot respectively. Enterococcus faecalis strains were highly susceptible to gentamicin. In decreasing order, erythromycin, cloxacillin and cotrimoxazole showed the least effectiveness on the isolates. Out of 127 selected isolates, only 83(65.35%) were produced biofilm. The susceptibility of E. facalis strains to different vegetable sanitizers (acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and sodium hypochloride) was also reported. Contamination should be avoided from the field till they get to the final consumers since contaminated salad vegetables pose a great threat to the health of the public.
KEYWORDS: Salad vegetables; cabbage; carrot; cucumber; Enterococcus faecalis; antibiotics; biofilm; sanitizers.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 David OM, Oluwaniyi TT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
*Shradha Sethi., MDS,† Tarun Sethi., MDS,‡ Kala Bhushan., MDS,** Pinal Kabrawala., MDS,†† Pradeep Kumar., MDS,‡‡ Nitin Sharma., MDS‡‡
Affiliation:
*Department of Periodontology, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
†Department of Pedodontics, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
‡ Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, India
**Department of Pedodontics, Ahmedabad Dental College, Ahmedabad, India
††Department of Periodontology, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
‡‡Department of Pedodontics, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Shradha Sethi.
Department Of Periodontology,
Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital,Jaipur, India
Article citation:
Sethi S, Sethi T, Bhusan K, Kabrawala P, Kumar P, Sharma N. Assessment of the efficacy of Aloe vera gel in chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical and microbiological study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(07):598-608. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background & Objectives: In recent years, efforts have been made to test herbal remedies in treating inflammation and infections. Here an attempt is made to assess the clinical benefits of pure Aloe vera gel (98%) used as an adjunct to non surgical periodontal therapy.
Materials and Methods: 10 patients each with at least 3 sites with probing depth 5-7 mm in different quadrants were included. A split mouth design was used and sites in each patient were randomly allocated into experimental sites A (Intrapocket application of Aloe vera gel) & B (gel application along with SRP) and control site C (only SRP). Plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level were assessed at baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks. Subgingival plaque sample was collected to assess Streptococci and Porphyromonas gingivalis by anaerobic culture method.
Results: The results showed on intra-group analysis significant reduction (p<0.01) of clinical parameters (PI, GI, GBI, PPD & RAL) and periodontal pathogens in all the treatment groups whereas on inter-group analysis, significant difference was seen between aloe monotherapy and other two groups which had similar outcomes.
Interpretation and Conclusion: In present study treatment with aloe vera gel as an adjunct to SRP showed almost similar results to cases treated with SRP alone without any statistically significant differences. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of aloe vera, suggests it as a promising agent to be used for treatment of periodontal diseases. Future studies including larger sample sizes and sustained release formulation of the gel are certainly encouraged to further explore the potential benefits.
KEYWORDS: Aloe vera; chronic periodontitis; scaling and root planing; local drug delivery; periodontopathogens; herbal; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Sethi S,Sethi T,Bhusan K,Kabrawala P,Kumar P,Sharma N. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Pedapati Kasturi.* MD, Oruganti Satyanarayana¥. MD., DLO.
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. PEDAPATI. KASTURI, MD
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. PIN: 533001, India
Affiliation:
*Assistant Professor, ¥Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Rangaraya Medical College /Government General Hospital, Kakinada, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India