DocumentsDate added
Original article
Ashima Badyal*
Affiliation:
*MD Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu, J&K, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu, J&K, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Ashima Badyal.
214 A Shastri Nagar, Jammu, J&K, India 180004
Article citation: Badyal A. Screening for prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(08):687-689. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non–skin cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men. Early diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate is hindered by the lack of symptoms in men with localized tumours. Patients with early stage prostate cancer are generally asymptomatic. The present study was planned to screen men for serum PSA. The study was conducted in the Super Speciality Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, GMC, Jammu. 2ml of venous blood was collected from antecubital vein under aseptic conditions from each individual and serum was separated, with the consent of each individual, aware about the screening of prostate cancer. Sample was analyzed on ARCHITECT Total PSA assay which is a Chemiluminescent Micro Particle Immunoassay (CMIA) for the quantitative determination of total PSA. Majority of patients in the age group >70 yrs of age were found to be at high risk of prostate cancer. Lower thresholds, if taken, can increase the number of cases of cancer detected, but they also increase the risk of a false-positive result. There is no conclusive evidence to determine what proportion of the decline in prostate cancer mortality is due to screening versus improved treatment, or other factors. The implication of the strong recommendations against screening men less than55 years of age and those 70 years of age and older, is that clinicians should not routinely discuss screening with men in these age groups unless the topic is raised by the patient.
KEYWORDS: Prostate Cancer; Prostate Specific Antigen; Chemiluminescence; Screening.
References:
1.Heuze N, Sophie Olayat S, Gutman N, Zani ML, et al. Advances in brief molecular cloning and expression of an alternative hKLK3 transcript coding for a variant protein of prostate-specific antigen. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 2820–24.
2.Bayat A, Ghods R, Shabani M, Mahmoudi R, et al. Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Prostate Specific Antigen. J Med Biotech. 2015; 7(1): 2–7.
3.Adhyam M, Gupta AK. A review on the clinical utility of PSA in cancer prostate; Indian J Surg Oncol. 2012; 3(2): 120–129.
4.Stenman U, Leinonen J, Alfthan H, et al. A complex between prostate specific antigen and a1- antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate specific antigens in serum of patients with prostate cancer: Assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 222-6.
5.Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Preualence of prostate cancer among men with a prosate-specific antigen level greater or = 4.0ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2239-46.
6.Risk factors for prostate cancer. Toronto: Canadian Cancer Society.Available:www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer type/prostate/risks/?region=on;2013 (accessed 2014 Sept. 9).
7.Schroder FH, Roobol MJ. Prostate cancer epidemic in sight? Eur Urol 2012;61:1093-5.
8.Vedel I, Puts MTE, Monette M, et al. The decision-making process in prostate cancer screening in primary care with a prostate specific antigen: a systematic review. J Geriatr Oncol 2011; 2:161-76.
9.Mulley AG, Trimble C, Elwyn G. Stop the silent misdiagnosis: patients’ preferences matter. BMJ 2012; 345:e6572.
10.Welch HG, Black WC. Overdiagnosis in cancer. J Natl CancerInst 2010; 102:605-13.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Badyal A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Mootha Archana1,*, Tobythomas Julie1,€, Malaiappan Sankari1,¥
Affiliation:
1,*Postgraduate Student, 1,€Reader, 1,¥Professor, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Valapanchavadi, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
Address reprint requests to
* Archana Mootha.
No 162, Poonamallee High Road,
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha dental college and hospitals, Valapanchavadi, India
Article citation: Mootha A, Tobythomas J, Malaiappan S, Comparison Of Gingival Depigmentation Using Diode Lasers V/s Surgical Stripping: A Report Of Three Cases. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(08):670-678. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Gingival hyperpigmentation is one of the leading causes of causing unaesthetic appearances of gingival during smiling. This is very common among patients having a gummy smile or a high smile line. Social and psychological problems and esthetic hindrance in smiling prompts these patients to seek dental care and advice. Various surgical corrective measures are available for depigmentation of gingival. Lasers and scalpel are the most popularly used techniques in today’s dental practice. This article reports three cases comparing laser and scalpel depigmentation with a follow up of 1-6 months with depigmentation done on the same sitting. Postoperative clinical results do not show significant difference between the two techniques.
KEYWORDS: Lasers; Gingival depigmentation; Salpel.
REFERENCES
1.Barrett AW, Scully C. Human oral mucosal melanocytes: a review. J Oral Pathol Med 1994; 23(3):97-103.
2. Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM. Oral mucosal melanoma: epidemiology and pathobiology. Oral Oncol 2000; 36(2):152-69.
3.Szabó G, Gerald AB, Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB. Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis. Nature 1969; 222:1081-2.
4.Hedin CA, Pindborg JJ, Axéll T. Disappearance of smokers melanosis after reducing smoking. J Oral Pathol Med 1993 May; 22(5):228-30.
5.Meleti M, Vescovi P, Mooi WJ, van der Waal I. Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa and perioral tissues: a flow-chart for the diagnosis and some recommendations for the management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 105(5):606-16.
6.Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1984. Text Book of Oral Pathology; pp. 89–136.
7.Cicek Y, Ertas U. The normal and pathological pigmentation of oral mucous membrane: a review J Contemp Dent Pract 2003;15:76–86.
8.Esen E, Haytac MC, Oz IA, Erdoğan O, Karsli ED. Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004; 98(5):522-7.
9.Gissen AJ, Covino BG, Gregus J. Differential sensitivities of mammalian nerve fibers to local anesthetic agents. Anesthesiology 1980; 53: 467–74.
10. Raymond SA, Gissen AJ. Mechanisms of differential nerve block. Strichartz GR ed. Local Anesthetics 1987; 95–165
11.Jamie L. Rhudy, Mary W. Meagher. Fear and anxiety: divergent effects on human pain thresholds. Pain. 2000;84:65-75.
12.Optical-Thermal Response of laser irradiated tissue, edited by A,J.Wech and M.J.C.Van Gemert, Plenum Press, new York,1995.
13.Yılmaz S, Algan S, Gursoy H, Noyan U, Kuru BE, Kadir T. Evaluation of the clinical and antimicrobial effects of the Er:YAG laser or topical gaseous ozone as adjuncts to initial periodontal therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 2013;31(6):293-8
14.Moritz A, Schoop U, Strassl M, Wintner E. Lasers in Endodontics. In: Moritz A, editor. Oral Laser Application. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2006;p100.
15.The Academy of Laser Dentistry Featured wavelengths diode-the diode laser in dentistry (Academy report) Wave lengths 2000;8:13.
16. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva; an esthetic approach. Indian J Dent Res 2002; 13(2):70-3.
17. Atsawasuwan P, Greethong K, Nimmanon V. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation for esthetic purposes by Nd:YAG laser: report of 4 cases. J Periodontol 2000; 71(2):315-21.
18. M Bhanu Murthy, Jasjit Kaur, and Rupali Das. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with rotary abrasive, scalpel, and laser techniques: A case series. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(4):614–619.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Mootha A,Tobythomas J, Malaiappan S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
B.T. Pawar*
Affiliation:
Research Center in Botany, Shri Muktanand College, Gangapur – 431109 District: Aurangabad (M.S.), India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Research Center in Botany, Shri Muktanand College,
Gangapur – 431 109 Districts: Aurangabad (M.S.), India
Address reprint requests to
* B.T. Pawar.
Research Center in Botany, Shri Muktanand College,
Gangapur–431109 District: Aurangabad (M.S.) INDIA
Article citation: Pawar BT. Parthenium hysterophorus: Antibacterial Potential of leaf extract. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(08):666-669. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Mango bacterial canker disease (MBCD) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae (Xcmi) is one of the important diseases of mango affecting a number of commercial cultivars. The pathogen affects different plant parts like leaf, stem and fruit. Favorable environmental conditions cause severe loss to the crop. Leaf extract of 37 plants were tested against Xcmi; out of them, leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus showed good antibacterial activity. Hence, leaf extracts of P. hysterophorus tested for its antibacterial activity against 25 strains of Xcmi collected from different parts of Maharashtra state. In-vitro studies have been performed by using Fresh leaf extracts during all the experiments. Cup-plate method was employed for examining the activity. The maximum activity was recorded against Xcmi. 4 (Mean activity zone – 20.98 mm) followed by Xcmi.19 (Mean activity zone – 20.79 mm) and minimum against Xcmi.16 (Mean activity zone–17.60mm) strain under investigation. The ultimate aim of the research work was to develop economically and technically viable field formulations for the farmers, which will be Bio-ecologically compatible for management of plant bacterial diseases.
KEYWORDS: Parthenium hysterophorus; Leaf extract; Antibacterial potential; Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangiferaeindicae.
REFERENCES
1.Auld BA, Hooking J, Mc Fadyen RE. Analysis of the spread of tiger pear and Parthenium weed in Australia. Australian Weeds 1983; 2: 56-60.
2.Balandrin MF, Klocke JA, Wurtele ES, Bollinger WH. Natural plant chemicals: Sources of industrial and medicinal materials, Science 1985;228:1154-1160.
3.Barsagade NB, Wagh GN. Comparative screening of leaf extracts of common plants and weeds for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Asiatic Journal of Biotecnology Resources 2010;3:227-232.
4.Fazal H, Ahmad N, Ullah I, Inayat H, Khan L, Abbasi BH. Antibacterial potential in Parthenium hysterophorus, Stevia rebaudiana and Ginkgo biloba. Pak. J. Bot 2011;43(2):1307-1313.
5.Hostettmann K, Wolfender J. The search for Biological active secondary metabolites, Pesticides Science 1997;51:471-482.
6.Jayachandra. Parthenium weed in Masore state and its control. Curr. Sci 1971;40(21):568-569.
7.Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plant, Vol. I to IV, Bishen Singh Mahendrapal Singh Publishers, Dehra Dun; 1991.
8.Krishnamurthy K, Ramachandra Prasad TV, Muniyappa TV. Agriculture and health hazards of Parthenium. Curr. Res 1975;4:169-171.
9.Krishnavignesh L, Mahalakshmipriya A, Ramesh M. In-vitro analysis of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L. against pathogenic microorganisms. Asian. J. Pharm. Clin. Res 2013;6(5):41-44.
10.Kumar A, Joshi S, Malik T. Antimicrobial potential of Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. plant extracts. Int. J. Life Sc. Bt. & Pharm. Res 2013;2(3): 232-236.
11.Malarkodi E, Manoharan A. Study on antibacterial activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 2013;5(1):134-136.
12.Naik VN. Marathwadyatil Samanya Vanaushadhi, Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad;1998.
13.Pawar BT. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Tridax procumbens against Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences 2014;2(6):69-72.
14.Pawar BT, Pandit BD. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. against Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae. Research Journal of Recent Sciences 2014;3(ISC-2013):291-294.
15.Suhaila M, Sizama S, Sharkawy SHE, Ali AM, Muid S. Antimycotic screening of 58 Malasian plants against plant pathogens. Pesticide science 1996;43(3):259-264.
16.Sukanya SL, Sudisha J, Hariprasad P, Niranjana SR, Prakash HS, Fathima SK. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Indian medicinal plants against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology 2009;8(23):6677-6682.
17.Yadav M, Khan KK. Investigations of antibacterial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. Indian J. L. Sci 2012;1(2):57-59.
Source of funding: University Grants Commission, New Delhi (Major Research Project, File No.41-384/2012 (SR).
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Pawar BT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.