DocumentsDate added
Original article
Sanjay Kumar Porwal1,*,B.C.Mewara1,¥,Madhusudan Swarnkar1,€,Sanjeev Gupta1,ß
Affiliation:
1,*Associate Professor, 1,¥Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
1,€ Assistanrt Professor, Department of P.S.M, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
1,ß Senior Medical Officer, Department of Anaesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
2.Department of P.S.M, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
3.Department of Anaesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Sanjay Kumar Porwal.
B4 Anand Vihar, Jhalawar, Rajasthan- 326001, India
Article citation: Porwal, SK.,Mewara, BC.,Swarnkar, M,Gupta, S. A clinical study of enteric perforation peritonitis. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb;05 Suppl:S1-S4. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Enteric perforation is a a common occurrence in developing world. Its surgical complication is perforation peritonitis. It causes great morbidity and mortality and a socio economic burden to already poorer countries and developing countries.
Methodology: A retrospective study conducted at S.R.G. Hospital attached to Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College, Jhalawar (Rajasthan). It includes 100 cases. Data was collected and master chart prepared.
Results: This study shows that males are more affected. There is a lot of morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: The commoner entity enteric perforation peritonitis can be put under control in terms of morbidity and mortality by better pre operative , per operative and post operative care.
KEYWORDS: typhoid fever, enteric perforation, peritonitis.
Article citation: Porwal, SK.,Mewara, BC.,Swarnkar, M,Gupta, S. A clinical study of enteric perforation peritonitis. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb;05 Suppl:S1-S4. Available at www.jpbms.info
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Porwal, S.K.,Mewara, B.C.,Swarnkar, M.,Gupta, S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Asha Vinod Bhat*
Affiliation:
*Lecturer, Department of OBG Nursing, KLE University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka-600099, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of OBG Nursing, KLE University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka-600099, India
Address reprint requests to
*Asha Vinod Bhat.
Lecturer, Department of OBG Nursing, KLE University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka -600099., India
ABSTRACT: A study to EValuate the effectiveness of PTP on selected menstrual irregularities and the remedial measures practiced among early adolescent girls in selected high schools at Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Background and objectives: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period which signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Menstrual disorders include menstrual irregularity, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, and other related symptoms. Among these, dysmenorrhoea is the most common, being reported in 60 to 90% of adolescents. The nurse being the part of health team must educate the adolescent girls regarding menstrual disorders and show the correct pathway to prevent the menstrual disorders. Thus planned teaching programme will help the adolescent girls to get awareness about menstrual irregularities and remedial measures.
Objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding menstrual irregularities experienced and remedial measures practiced by the early adolescent girls, prepare and administer PTP and find out the association between pre test knowledge scores and demographic variables.
Methods: One group pre test post design was adopted. The data was collected by using self administered questionnaire from the 60 early adolescent girls. The sampling technique used for the study was non-probability sampling technique [purposive].
Results: The result revealed that in pre test majority of the adolescent girls 45 (75%) had average knowledge and 6 (10%) had poor knowledge whereas; in post test 14 (23.3%) of adolescent girls had good knowledge and 40 (66.6%) had average knowledge about menstrual irregularities and its remedial measures.
There was an association between pre test knowledge scores and demographic variables such us religion, mother’s educational qualification and source of information where as there was no association between the demographic variables age, type of family female siblings, menstrual problems, and remedial measures.
KEYWORDS: Menstrual irregularities; remedial measures; adolescent girls; planned teaching programme; knowledge.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Bhat AV. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Amna Elhassan Hamad Mohammed1, Sania A.I. Shaddad2,*, Osama Yousuf Mohammed3
Affiliation:
1Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
2Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Mohammed Bin Saud-Riyadh
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
2.Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
3.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Mohammed Bin Saud-Riyadh
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the crude methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S06-S14. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: This study includes pharmacological investigation of methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides (G.L) that has been used traditionally to treat stomach disturbances.
Objectives: To evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides to validate the claim of its traditional uses.
Methods: The methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides herb was screened for its anti-ulcerogenic activity in four different models,aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in fasting rat,s stomach,HCl-ethanol induced ulcer in mice, water immersion stress induced ulcer in rats and histamine induced gastric acid secretion in rat's stomach.
Results: The phytochemical studies of the plant showed that flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids,Triterpenes, Tannins, Saponins and Cuomarins are the main constituents.of the plant.The results showed that methanolic extract of G.l at a dose of 300 mg ∕ kg was markedly decreased the incidence of ulcer that induced by aspirin in rat stomach and reduced ulcer index from 19.4±1.8 that induced by 150 mg/kg aspirin to 10.00±0.9. Also inhibited H+ ion concentration that had been stimulated by administration of histamine (2µg/kg) in rat stomach when the plant was given simultaneously at dose 400 µg/kg, with histamine and elevate the pH to 4.37±0.75 compared with the pH 2.84±0.81 that induced by administration of 2µg/ml histamine alone. Also G.l extract was antagonized histamine effect in contracting rat uterus and blocked the stimulant effect of HCl on guinea pig atrium. Also the extract antagonized ulcer induced by HCl/ethanol in mice by 48.33% ulcer inhibition, compared with 50.54% that of sucralfate.The extract reduced water immersion stress induced ulcer in rats by 49.16% ulcer inhibition whereas that of omeprazole was 100%.
Conclusion: The study confirmed the antiulcerogenic activity of the extracts.
KEYWORDS: Anti-ulcer; Glinus lotoides; Aspirin-induced ulcer; H+ ion concentration.
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6.Harborne, J. B. (1984). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. London.
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8.Hirano, H. T., T.;Yokoi,T.;Shingu,T. (1997). Gastric mucous membrane-protective principles of coptidis rhizoma. Nat. Med. 51: 516-518.
9.Hirano, H. T., T. Yoshioka,Y. Yokoi,T. Shingu,T. (2000). Analysis of mucous membrane-protective compounds in coptidis rhizoma. Nat. Med. 54: 209-212.
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11.Lippe I.Th., P. M. A., Holzer P (1989). Intragastric capsaicin enhances gastric acid elimination and mucosal blood flow by afferent nerve stimulation. Br.J.Pharmacol 96: 91-100.
12.Martinez, A and Valencia, G. (2003). Manual d practicas de farmacognosia y Fitoquimia: 1999. 1. Medellin: Universidad antiquia; Marcha fotiquimica, pp. 59-65.
13.Nunes PH, C. P., Galvao SM, Martins MC (2009). Antiulcerogenic activity of Combretum leprosum. Brasil Pharmazie 64(1): 58-62.
14.Robert, A., Nezamis, J.E., Lancaster,C., and Badalmenti,J.M. (1974). Cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer; A new model to test anti-ulcer drugs. Digetion,H: 199-214.
15.Scarpignato, T. R., Zappia L. (1987). Antisecretory and antiulcer effect of H2-receptor antagonist famotidine in the rat: Comparison with ranitidine. British journal of pharmacology 92: 153-159.
16.Selye, H. a. S. (1973). Experimental model for production of perforating duodenal ulcer by cysteamine in the rat. Nature 244: 458-459.
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18.Wall, M. E. E., C.R.;McClenna,M.L.;Klump,M.E. (1952). Detection and estimation of steroid and sapogenins in plant tissue-Analytical Chemistry 24:1337-1342.
19.Yesilada, I. G., E.Ergum (1997). Effect of Cistus laurifolius I. flowers on gastric and duodenal lesions. Ethnopharmacology 55: 201-211.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Shiferaw Bekele1, Waqtola Cheneke1, Zeleke Mekonnen1,*
Affiliation:
1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Address reprint requests to
* Zeleke Mekonnen
College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O .box:
378, Jimma, Ethiopia
Article citation: Bekele S, Cheneke W, Mekonnen Z.Assessment of liver function tests and associated risk factors among diabetic patients attending diabetes clinic of Jimma university specialized hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia.J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S25-S33. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: Patients having metabolic disorder like diabetes are more likely susceptible to liver diseases that cause the release of hepatic biomarkers. Determining those biomarkers will help in the early management of potential liver diseases;however, such studies are scarce in the present study areas. Thus,we aimed at assessing the Preualence of liver function tests and associated risk factors among diabetic patients Methods: An institution based crosssectional study was conducted. 376 diabetic patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were participated. 5ml venous blood was collected for liver function tests and anti-hepatitis C-virus antibody detection from each diabetic patient. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 20 software. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Among 376 diabetic patients, 57.7% of them were found to have one or more abnormal liver function test results while 26.9% of them had at least two or more abnormal liver function test results. Out of 57.7% of diabetic patients, who had one or more abnormal liver function tests,23.9%, 20.5%,12.0%,10.1%, 9.3% and 3.2% of them had abnormal serum concentration for aspartate amino-transferase (AST), both alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin, direct bilirubin and gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT),respectively. Out of 376 diabetic patients, 1.6% of them were found to be positive for HCV. Out of 1.6% diabetic patients who were positive for HCV, 16.0% of them had abnormal serum concentrations for AST, ALT and ALP.Elevated ALT test result had statistically significant association (p <0.05) with increasing body mass index Conclusion and recommendation:High preualence of one or more abnormal liver function test results was indicated among diabetic patients. Assessment of liver function tests and associated factors among diabetic patients during early onset of diabetes and then follow up is necessary to control and properly manage liver diseases. Health education about the potential risk of liver diseases and way of prevention shall be provided to diabetic patients as well.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, liver function tests, alanine amino-transferases, aspartate aminotransferases, bilirubin.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Shiferaw Bekele, Zeleke Mekonnen and Waqtola Cheneke were involved in conception and design, and acquisition of data. Shiferaw Bekele took the lead in data generation, analysis and drafting the manuscript. Zeleke Mekonnen
and Waqtola Cheneke revised the draft manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors were involved in analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as final approval of the version to be published.
Source of funding: Jimma University, contract No. RPGD451/2014.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work.
There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Bekele S, Cheneke W, Mekonnen Z. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Research article
Ibtihal Muiz Al-Hussaini *
Affiliation:
Biology/Mycology department, College of Science, Babylon University, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Biology/Mycology department, College of Science, Babylon University, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
* Ibtihal Muiz Al-Hussaini.
Biology/Mycology department, College of Science, Babylon University, Iraq
Article citation: Al-Hussaini IM. Detection and estimation of some active compounds of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) and measure their inhibition effect on the growth of Rhizoctonia Solani. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S19-S24. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: The study which includ the effect of bio-fungicides Bacillin ( consist of Bacillus cereus + active material ) with or without boron and/ or manganese used to control damping-off and root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani throughout that treated of tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum) . Amount of Boron in leaves and root of tomato plant grown in soil free of R. solani and treated with these elements were 509.36 and 418.53 μg/g respectively. Level of Manganese which was not changed in leaves of plant from all treatments while increased in roots of Manganese treated plants (58 μg/g).
The results of experiment demonstrated that the content of phenols and alkaloids in roots of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) possess antagonistic activity against R. solani in particular alkaloids which have more effectivnace on fungus than phenols. This antagonistic activity was increased with presence of Bacillin from 44.1% to 98%. Also the efficiency of alkaloids against R. solani increased by this bio-agent from 78.9% to 100%. Alkaloids compound were detected through the chromatography experiment which run at Rf = 33.5 and Rf= 7.6, also phenolic compound at Rf= 80.5 and Rf= 6.4 Both of them may play an important role in induced resistance.
KEYWORDS: Rhizoctonia solani; Tomato; Bacillin; elements; Active compounds.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.